Amateka ya Gihanga: Umugabo Uvugwa Nk'uwashinze Ubwami bw'u Rwanda.

Gihanga ni umwe mu bantu bakomeye cyane mu mateka gakondo y’u Rwanda. Avugwa nk’umukurambere w’ingoma y’Abanyiginya ndetse n’umuntu w’ingenzi mu nkuru zivuga ku ishingwa ry’ubwami bw’u Rwanda. Nubwo hari ibice by’amateka ye bishingiye ku migenzo n’imvugo byagiye bisekurana, izina rye ryakomeje kuba ikimenyetso gikomeye mu mateka y’u Rwanda. Mu mateka gakondo y’u Rwanda, Gihanga azwi cyane nka Gihanga Ngomijana, akaba afatwa nk’umwe mu bantu bagize uruhare rukomeye mu gutangiza no kubaka imiterere y’ubwami bw’u Rwanda. Inkuru zimuvugaho zimwerekana nk’umuyobozi wari ufite ubushobozi bwo guhuza abantu, gushyiraho imigenzo ndetse no guteza imbere ibikorwa byafashaga umuryango kubaho no kwaguka. Icyakora, abashakashatsi b’amateka bagaragaza ko ibijyanye n’igihe nyirizina Gihanga yabayemo ndetse n’ibikorwa byose bimwitirirwa bitandukanye bitewe n’amasoko y’amateka yakoreshejwe. Urugero, hari amasoko amushyira mu bihe bya mbere y’ikinyejana cya 14, mu gihe andi mateka yanditse avuga ko amateka y’abami ba mbere afite ibice by’inkuru gakondo bigoye kugenzura.Gihanga afatwa nk’umwe mu bantu bahuriye ku ishingwa ry’imyemerere n’imiterere y’ingoma y’Abanyiginya. Mu muco nyarwanda, ubwami ntibwari ubuyobozi gusa. Bwari bufite imihango, ibimenyetso by’ubwami, abiru, abasizi ndetse n’imigenzo yabungabungaga umurongo w’ubutegetsi. Amateka gakondo avuga ko uru ruhererekane rw’abami rwakomotse kuri Gihanga, maze uko ibisekuru byagiye bikurikirana ubwami bugenda bwaguka. Icyo abashakashatsi bahurizaho ni uko ubwami bwa Nyiginya bwaje kugira uruhare rukomeye mu gushyiraho u Rwanda nk’ubwami bukomeye bwo mu karere k’Ibiyaga Bigari. Ariko igihe nyirizina ubwami bwatangiriye ndetse n’uko bwubatse mu ntangiriro biracyasobanurwa mu buryo butandukanye n’abanditsi b’amateka. Akamaro ka Gihanga ntigashingira gusa ku kuba izina rye riri mu nkuru z’abami. Afite umwanya wihariye mu migenzo gakondo y’u Rwanda, aho amateka y’abami yabikwaga binyuze mu magambo, ibisigo, ibitekerezo n’ibisekuru by’abami. Mu Rwanda rwa kera, hari abantu bari bafite inshingano zo kubika no kuvuga amateka y’ingoma. Abacurabwenge babaga bafite inshingano zo kuvuga urukurikirane rw’abami, naho abasizi bagahimba ibisigo byahimbazaga abami kandi bikabika bimwe mu byabaye ku ngoma zabo. Ibi byatumye izina rya Gihanga rikomeza kubaho mu Rwanda uko ibisekuru byagiye bisimburana. Mu nkuru gakondo, Gihanga ahuzwa n’ibintu bitandukanye by’umuco n’imigenzo y’ubwami. Ibi birimo imigenzo y’ubuyobozi, imihango y’ubwami ndetse n’ibimenyetso byahuzaga umwami n’igihugu. Nyamara, ni ngombwa gutandukanya inkuru gakondo n’ibimenyetso by’amateka byagenzurwa. Amateka y’abami ba mbere y’u Rwanda yagiye abikwa cyane mu mvugo, ibisigo n’ibitekerezo, bityo bimwe mu bintu bivugwa kuri Gihanga ntibishobora gufatwa nk’ibyabaye byemejwe nk’uko amateka y’ibihe bya vuba abigenza. Urutonde gakondo rw’abami b’u Rwanda rutangirira kuri Gihanga, rugakomeza kuri Kanyarwanda Gahima, Yuhi Musindi, Ndahiro Ruyange n’abandi. Nyuma haje abami bazwi cyane nka Ruganzu I Bwimba, Kigeli I Mukobanya, Ndahiro II Cyamatare ndetse na Ruganzu II Ndori. Ruganzu I Bwimba, nk’uko igitabo cya REB kibivuga, yimye ahagana mu 1312, ategeka u Rwanda rwarimo uturere nka Buganza, Buriza, Bumbogo, Busigi, Busarasi na Bwanacyambwe. Yapfuye mu 1345 mu ntambara yo muri Gisaka, ari mu bikorwa byo kwagura imbibi z’ubwami. Mu mateka y’u Rwanda, Ruganzu II Ndori afite umwanya wihariye kuko afatwa nk’umwami wagize uruhare rukomeye mu kongera kubaka no kwagura ubwami bwa Nyiginya. Amateka avuga ko Ndori yari umuhungu wa Ndahiro Cyamatare. Se yamwohereje kwa nyirasenge Nyabunyana wari warashakanye n’umwami Karemera Ndagara wa Karagwe kugira ngo amurinde. Nyuma y’urupfu rwa se, Ndori yaje gutumizwa ngo agaruke mu Rwanda. Amaze kugaruka, yubatse ingabo zikomeye kandi atangira ibikorwa byo kwagura ubutegetsi bw’u Rwanda. Mu mateka yanditse, Ndori agaragazwa nk’umwami wagize uruhare rukomeye mu guhuza no kwagura u Rwanda, ndetse agashyiraho n’ibimenyetso by’ubwami birimo Karinga. Iki ni kimwe mu bice by’amateka ya Gihanga bidafite ibisobanuro bimwe byizewe mu masoko yose. Kubera ko amateka ya Gihanga ashingiye cyane ku migenzo gakondo, nta buryo bwizewe bwo kuvuga mu buryo budashidikanywaho itariki yapfiriyeho, aho yapfiriye n’impamvu nyirizina y’urupfu rwe. Ni yo mpamvu inkuru y’amateka ikwiye kwirinda gutangaza nk’ukuri kudashidikanywaho ibintu bituruka mu migani cyangwa mu nkuru gakondo. Nubwo hari impaka ku mateka ye arambuye, Gihanga akomeje gufatwa nk’umwe mu bantu bafite umwanya ukomeye mu busobanuro bw’amateka y’u Rwanda.

Mu buryo bwagutse, amateka y’ubwami bw’u Rwanda yakomeje kubakwa n’abami benshi bamukurikiye. U Rwanda rwagiye rwaguka buhoro buhoro, ruyoborwa n’abami batandukanye, kugeza ku bihe by’abami bo mu mateka ya vuba nka Kigeli IV Rwabugiri, Yuhi V Musinga, Mutara III Rudahigwa na Kigeli V Ndahindurwa. Urutonde rw’amateka rutanga ko ubwami bw’u Rwanda bwarangiye mu 1961.