Amabanga y’imibare: Ibintu 5 bishimishije ushobora kuba utari uzi ku mibare

1. Nta mubare munini kurusha iyindi ubaho Mu mibare, imibare ikomeza iteka. Nubwo umuntu yavuga umubare munini cyane, birashoboka kuwongeraho umwe, hakaboneka undi munini kurushaho. Ibi bisobanura ko nta mubare wa nyuma ushobora kugera ho ngo uvuge ko imibare irangiye. Ikindi gishishikaje ni uko abahanga mu mibare bavuga ko hari ubwoko butandukanye bw’ubuziraherezo, nubwo bwose bugaragaza ikintu kidafite iherezo. 2. Inyamaswa na zo zifite ubushobozi bwo kumenya imibare Abantu si bo bonyine bashobora kumenya umubare w’ibintu. Ubushakashatsi ku nyamaswa zimwe na zimwe bwerekanye ko zifite ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya cyangwa kumenya umubare w’ibintu. Urugero, inzuki zagaragaje ubushobozi bwo gutandukanya imibare mito, ndetse n’ubushakashatsi bumwe bukaba bwaragaragaje ko zishobora kwiga imirimo ijyanye n’igitekerezo cya zeru. Hari kandi inkuru izwi y’inyoni yitwa Alex, yo mu bwoko bw’udusiga, yagaragaje ubushobozi bwo kwiga ibintu bimwe na bimwe bijyanye no kumenya imibare no kubara. Ibi bigaragaza ko ubushobozi bwo kumenya imibare atari ikintu cyihariye ku bantu gusa. 3. Imibare ikoreshwa kuva mu buzima bwa buri munsi kugeza mu isanzure Imibare ntigarukira mu mashuri cyangwa mu kubara amafaranga. Ifasha gusobanura ibintu byinshi, birimo uko ibintu bigenda bihinduka, intera iri hagati y’ibintu, imiterere y’inyenyeri n’imikorere y’ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga. Urugero, ishami ry’imibare ryitwa *calculus* rifasha abahanga gusobanukirwa n’impinduka ziba mu gihe runaka, ndetse no gusesengura ibintu bigenda bihinduka buhoro buhoro cyangwa vuba. Nubwo hari abantu batekereza ko imibare ari imibare n’ibimenyetso gusa, hari n’amashami yayo akoresha inyuguti, ibishushanyo n’ibitekerezo bidashingiye ku mibare isanzwe. 4. Imibare imaze imyaka ibihumbi ikoreshwa n’abantu Nta muntu umwe uzwi wahimbye imibare yose, kuko abantu batangiye kubara no gupima ibintu kuva kera cyane. Inyandiko zitandukanye zivuga ku mateka y’imibare zigaragaza ko amagufa yabonetse muri Afurika, afite ibimenyetso bisa n’utwobo cyangwa uturongo two kubara, ashobora kuba yarakoreshejwe n’abantu ba kera mu kubika imibare. Mu baturage ba kera b’Abasumeri, bari batuye ahari muri Iraki y’ubu, hakoreshejwe uburyo bwo kubara bushingiye kuri 60. Ubu buryo bufite aho buhuriye n’impamvu umunota ugira amasegonda 60, naho isaha ikagira iminota 60. Abanyamisiri ba kera na bo bagize uruhare mu guteza imbere imibare ikoreshwa mu gupima ubuso n’ingano y’ibintu. 5. Hari ibibazo by’imibare bikomeye bitarabonerwa ibisubizo Nubwo imibare imaze igihe kinini yigwa, hari ibibazo bikomeye abahanga batarabasha gukemura. Urugero ni ikibazo kizwi nka *Collatz Conjecture*. Gikoresha uburyo bworoshye: iyo ufashe umubare wuzuye, ukaba ari igiharwe, uwugabanya kabiri; iyo ari igiharure, uwukuba gatatu ukongeraho umwe. Uko ukomeza gukurikiza ayo mategeko, umubare uzagera kuri imwe? Ibyo byageragejwe ku mibare myinshi kandi bigatanga igisubizo cya imwe, ariko abahanga ntibarabasha kwerekana mu buryo bwemejwe ko bikora kuri buri mubare wuzuye mwiza. Hari kandi ibibazo bizwi nka *Millennium Prize Problems*, byatoranyijwe kubera uburemere n’akamaro bifite mu bumenyi. Bimwe muri byo bifitanye isano n’uko ibintu bitemba, uko imibare ikora n’imiterere y’ibintu byo mu buryo bw’imibare. Ibi bigaragaza ko imibare atari isomo ryo mu ishuri gusa, ahubwo ari urwego rw’ubumenyi rugikomeje gutera imbere. Umwanzuro Imibare ifite amateka maremare kandi ikagira uruhare rukomeye mu buzima bwa buri munsi, mu ikoranabuhanga no mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi. Nubwo abantu bamaze kumenya byinshi kuri yo, ibibazo bimwe na bimwe biracyategereje ibisubizo. Uko abahanga bakomeza gukora ubushakashatsi, ni ko hashobora kuvumburwa ubundi bumenyi bushya buzatuma abantu barushaho gusobanukirwa n’isi babamo.