Wavutse gihe ki? Menya ibisekuru 11 byagiye bisimburana n’uko byahinduye isi

Kuva kuri Lost Generation kugeza kuri Generation Beta: Impamvu imyaka wavukiyemo ishobora kugufasha gusobanukirwa n’amateka, ikoranabuhanga n’imibereho y’abantu, ariko ntigena uwo uri we.

Waba warigeze wibaza impamvu hari abantu bakuze batumva neza uburyo urubyiruko rukoresha ikoranabuhanga, mu gihe abakiri bato bo babifata nk’ibisanzwe? Cyangwa ukibaza impamvu abantu bavukiye mu bihe bitandukanye bagira uburyo butandukanye bwo kubona akazi, umuryango, amafaranga n’ubuzima muri rusange?

Kimwe mu bisobanuro abashakashatsi bakoresha ni ugushyira abantu mu byiciro byitwa Generations, bisobanura ibisekuru by’abantu bavutse mu bihe bisa. Ibi byiciro bifasha kureba uko amateka, impinduka mu bukungu, intambara, uburezi n’iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga bishobora kugira uruhare mu mitekerereze n’imibereho y’abantu.

Urutonde rw’ibisekuru rukomeje gukwirakwira ku mbuga nkoranyambaga rugaragaza amazina nka Lost Generation, Baby Boomers, Millennials, Generation Z na Generation Alpha, rukongeraho na Generation Beta, Gamma na Delta.

Ariko se aya mazina yaturutse he? Ni iki gitandukanya igisekuru n’ikindi, kandi kuki hari amazina amwe ashingiye ku mateka azwi mu gihe andi akiri ibiteganyijwe?

Ibisekuru byaturutse he, kandi bimaze iki?

Igitekerezo cyo kwiga abantu hashingiwe ku gihe bavukiyemo gishingiye ku kuba abantu bakurira mu bihe bishobora kubasigira ubunararibonye busa. Urugero, umuntu wakuriye mu gihe nta murongo wa internet wari uhari ashobora kuba yarize kuvugana n’abandi mu buryo butandukanye n’ubw’umuntu wavukiye mu isi ya telefone zigezweho n’imbuga nkoranyambaga.

Ikigo cy’ubushakashatsi cyo muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika, Pew Research Center, gisobanura ko ibisekuru bishobora gufasha abashakashatsi kwiga uko ibihe abantu bakuriyemo bifitanye isano n’imyitwarire, imyumvire n’impinduka mu mibereho. Icyakora, gishimangira ko imyaka igabanya ibisekuru itari ihame rya siyansi ridashobora guhinduka, kuko abashakashatsi batemeranya ku matariki yose n’amazina yose.

Ibi bivuze ko ibisekuru atari uburyo bwo guca abantu imanza cyangwa kubashyira mu byiciro by’ubwenge, ahubwo ari uburyo bwo gusobanura impinduka zagiye zibaho mu mateka y’abantu.

1. Lost Generation: Abakuze mu bihe by’intambara n’impinduka zikomeye

Lost Generation ni izina rikunze gukoreshwa ku bantu bavutse ahagana mu 1883 kugeza mu 1900. Ryamenyekanye cyane mu nkuru n’ubuvanganzo by’Abanyamerika nyuma y’Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi Yose.

Abenshi mu bantu bo muri iki gihe bakuriye mu isi yari ihinduka cyane, irimo intambara, impinduka mu mibanire y’abantu n’iterambere ry’inganda. Intambara ya Mbere y’Isi Yose yasize ibikomere bikomeye mu bihugu byinshi, ihindura ubuzima bw’imiryango, ubukungu n’imitekerereze y’abantu.

Izina Lost Generation ntirisobanura ko abo bantu bose bari barazimiye cyangwa badafite icyerekezo. Ahubwo ryakoreshejwe mu buvanganzo risobanura igisekuru cyahuye n’ibibazo bikomeye n’ingaruka z’intambara.

Icyitonderwa ni uko ibi bisobanuro by’amateka byibanda cyane ku bihugu by’Iburengerazuba, cyane cyane Amerika n’u Burayi. Ntabwo bivuze ko abantu bose bavukiye muri iyi myaka ku isi bahuye n’ibintu bimwe.

2. Greatest Generation: Igisekuru cyahuye n’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose

Greatest Generation ni izina rikoreshwa cyane ku bantu bavutse mbere ya 1928, nubwo urutonde ruri ku mbuga nkoranyambaga rushobora kugaragaza imyaka itandukanye.

Iki gisekuru cyibukwa cyane kubera abantu bakuriye mu bihe by’Ubukungu Bubi (Great Depression) no mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose. Ibi bihe byagize ingaruka zikomeye ku miryango, ku kazi, ku mutekano no ku mibereho y’abantu.

Nyuma y’intambara, ibihugu byinshi byahanganye n’inshingano zo kongera kubaka ibikorwa remezo, ubukungu n’imibereho y’abaturage.

Nubwo izina Greatest Generation ryamamaye mu kuvuga ku bantu bagize uruhare mu ntambara no mu kongera kubaka sosiyete, ntibikwiye gufatwa nk’aho buri muntu wo muri icyo gihe yari afite ubunararibonye bumwe.

3. Silent Generation: Abakuze mu bihe by’ubukungu bugoye n’intambara

Silent Generation ni igisekuru gishyirwa ahanini hagati ya 1928 na 1945. Icyo gihe cyaranzwe n’ingaruka z’Ubukungu Bubi, Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose n’intangiriro y’ibihe bishya bya politiki n’ubukungu.

Izina Silent Generation ryakoreshejwe mu nkuru z’itangazamakuru zo muri Amerika mu 1951. Ryajyanishijwe n’ishusho y’abantu bakuranye n’imyitwarire yo gukorana umwete, kubaha amategeko no kutagaragaza cyane ibitekerezo byabo mu ruhame.

Icyakora, iryo zina ntirisobanura ko abantu bose bo muri icyo gihe bari abantu bacecetse cyangwa batagira ibitekerezo. Ni izina ry’amateka ryakoreshejwe mu gusobanura igisekuru, ntabwo ari umwanzuro ku miterere ya buri muntu.

4. Baby Boomers: Igisekuru cyavutse nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose

Baby Boomers ni abantu bakunze gushyirwa hagati ya 1946 na 1964. Iki ni kimwe mu bisekuru bifite imyaka izwi cyane kubera impinduka z’imibare y’abaturage zabaye nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose.

Ijambo Baby Boom risobanura ukwiyongera gukomeye kw’abana bavuka mu gihe runaka. Nyuma y’intambara, mu bihugu byinshi, cyane cyane muri Amerika, habayeho ukwiyongera kw’imibare y’abana bavuka.

Abantu bo muri iki gisekuru bakuranye n’iterambere rya televiziyo, impinduka mu burezi, mu mirimo no mu muryango. Bamwe bageze mu myaka yo gukora no kurera mu gihe ubukungu bw’ibihugu byabo bwari bwagutse.

Baby Boomers ni urugero rwiza rw’ukuntu amateka y’abaturage ashobora gufasha abashakashatsi gusobanura igisekuru, kuko inkomoko y’izina rifitanye isano n’impinduka zigaragara mu mibare y’abana bavukaga.

5. Generation X: Igisekuru cyakuranye n’impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga

Generation X ikunze gushyirwa hagati ya 1965 na 1980, nubwo hari amasoko akoresha imyaka itandukanye gato.

Iki gisekuru cyakuranye n’iterambere ry’ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki, televiziyo, mudasobwa za mbere zakwirakwiriye mu ngo no mu kazi, ndetse n’impinduka mu muryango no mu bukungu.

Abenshi mu bantu bo muri iki gisekuru bageze mu myaka y’ubukure mu gihe ikoranabuhanga rya mudasobwa ryatangiraga kugira uruhare rukomeye mu kazi no mu itumanaho.

Ariko kuvuga ko Generation X yose ikora cyangwa itekereza kimwe byaba ari ukwibeshya. Uburezi, aho umuntu yakuriye, ubushobozi bw’umuryango n’amahirwe yabonye bishobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu mibereho ye.

6. Millennials: Igisekuru cyinjiye mu bukure mu ntangiriro z’ikinyagihumbi gishya

Millennials, bazwi kandi nka Generation Y, ni abantu Pew Research Center ishyira hagati ya 1981 na 1996.

Izina Millennials rifitanye isano n’uko abantu bo muri iki gisekuru batangiye kugera mu myaka y’ubukure no mu mashuri makuru mu gihe isi yinjiraga mu kinyagihumbi gishya.

Iki gisekuru cyabonye impinduka zikomeye mu itumanaho: kuva kuri telefone zisanzwe, ubutumwa bugufi na internet itari yihuta cyane, kugera kuri telefone zigezweho, imbuga nkoranyambaga n’itumanaho rikorwa ako kanya.

Abantu benshi bo muri iki gisekuru bageze mu myaka yo gushaka akazi no kwiyubakira ubuzima mu gihe hari ibibazo by’ubukungu byagize ingaruka ku masoko y’akazi mu bihugu byinshi, cyane cyane nyuma y’ihungabana ry’ubukungu ryo mu 2008.

Icyakora, ubunararibonye bwa Millennials mu Rwanda ntibushobora gufatwa nk’ubw’abantu bo muri Amerika cyangwa u Burayi. Aho umuntu yakuriye, amahirwe y’uburezi, iterambere ry’igihugu n’igihe internet yamugezeho bishobora gutuma ubunararibonye butandukana.

7. Generation Z: Igisekuru cyakuranye na internet n’imbuga nkoranyambaga

Generation Z, cyangwa Gen Z, ikunze gushyirwa hagati ya 1997 na 2012 mu buryo bukoreshwa na Pew Research Center.

Abantu benshi bo muri iki gisekuru bakuriye mu gihe internet, telefone zigezweho, imbuga nkoranyambaga n’itumanaho ryihuse byari bimaze kugira uruhare rukomeye mu buzima bwa buri munsi.

Bamwe bakoresha ikoranabuhanga mu kwiga, gushaka akazi, gukora ubucuruzi, kumenyekanisha impano zabo no kuvugana n’abantu bari kure. Ariko hari n’abahura n’ibibazo birimo amakuru atizewe, uburiganya bwo kuri internet, igitutu cyo kugereranya ubuzima bwabo n’ubw’abandi ndetse n’ingaruka zishobora guterwa no gukoresha ibikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga birenze urugero.

Ni yo mpamvu Gen Z ikunze kuganirwaho mu bushakashatsi bujyanye n’ikoranabuhanga, imirimo mishya n’impinduka mu mibanire y’abantu.

Icyakora, kuba umuntu yaravutse muri Gen Z ntibihita bisobanura ko akoresha neza ikoranabuhanga cyangwa ko afite imitekerereze imwe n’abandi. Uburezi, umuryango, aho atuye n’amahirwe afite na byo bigira uruhare.

8. Generation Alpha(α) : Abana bakurira mu isi y’ikoranabuhanga rikomeye

Generation Alpha ni izina ryakoreshejwe ku bana bavutse mu myaka ikurikirana Gen Z. Umushakashatsi Mark McCrindle n’ikigo cye bakoresha imyaka ya 2010 kugeza mu 2024.

Icyakora, abandi bashakashatsi bashobora guhitamo imyaka itandukanye. Ibi ni urugero rugaragaza ko nta matariki yemejwe ku isi yose agena buri gisekuru.

Abana bo muri iki gisekuru bakurira mu gihe telefone zigezweho, amashuri akoresha ikoranabuhanga, amashusho yo kuri internet n’ibikoresho bifasha mu kwiga bimaze gukwira mu bice byinshi by’isi.

Bamwe bazakura bakoresha uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga butaramenywa neza muri iki gihe. Ariko ntibikwiye guhita byemezwa ko bose bazaba abahanga mu ikoranabuhanga, kuko ibyo bizaterwa n’uburezi bazahabwa, amahirwe bazabona n’aho bazakurira.

9. Generation Beta(β): Abana bavutse kuva mu 2025

Mu buryo bwo gushyira ibisekuru mu byiciro bwatanzwe na McCrindle, Generation Beta ni abantu bazavuka hagati ya 2025 na 2039.

Iri zina ryatangiye gukoreshwa mu gihe isi ikomeje kwinjira mu bihe aho ubwenge buhangano (Artificial Intelligence :AI), robotike n’ibindi bikoresho by’ikoranabuhanga bishobora kugira uruhare runini mu burezi, mu buvuzi, mu kazi no mu itumanaho.

Abana bazavuka muri iyi myaka bashobora gukurira mu isi itandukanye n’iyo ababyeyi babo barerewemo. Ariko ibyo ni ibyitezwe, si ibintu byose byamaze kuba cyangwa ibyemejwe n’ubushakashatsi ku mibereho yabo.

Ni ngombwa kandi kumenya ko Generation Beta atari izina ryemejwe n’ikigo kimwe cy’isi yose; ni uburyo bumwe mu buryo abashakashatsi n’abasesengura impinduka z’abaturage bakoresha mu guteganya ibisekuru bizakurikiraho.

10. Generation Gamma( Γ or γ): Igisekuru giteganyijwe mu myaka iri imbere

Mu murongo w’amazina akoresha inyuguti z’Ikigiriki, Generation Gamma ni izina rishobora gukurikira Generation Beta. Mu rutonde rwa McCrindle, riteganyijwe ku bantu bazavuka hagati ya 2040 na 2054.

Ariko abantu benshi bo muri icyo gisekuru ntibaravuka. Nta buryo bwo kuvuga neza uko bazaba batekereza, uko baziga cyangwa uko bazakora, kuko ibyo bizaterwa n’impinduka zitaraba.

Ikoranabuhanga, imihindagurikire y’ikirere, ubukungu, uburezi n’imiterere y’imiryango bishobora kuba mu bintu bizagira uruhare mu buzima bwabo, ariko kubivuga nk’aho byamaze kwemezwa byaba ari ugukabya.

11. Generation Delta(Δor δ ): Izina rikoreshwa mu guteganya ibisekuru bizaza

Generation Delta ni izina rishobora gukurikira Generation Gamma muri uwo murongo. Urutonde ruri ku mbuga nkoranyambaga rushyira iki gisekuru hagati ya 2055 na 2069.

Icyakora, iri zina n’iyi myaka ni ibiteganyijwe, ntabwo ari igisekuru cyamaze kwigwa ku buryo buhagije. Abantu bazavuka muri icyo gihe bazaba mu isi izaba yarahindutse mu buryo tutashobora kumenya neza uyu munsi.

Ni yo mpamvu ari ngombwa gutandukanya amakuru ashingiye ku mateka n’ibiteganyijwe ku hazaza. Amazina ya Gamma na Delta ashobora gukoreshwa mu gutegura ibiganiro ku hazaza, ariko ntibivuze ko imyaka cyangwa imiterere yabyo byamaze kwemeranywaho n’abashakashatsi bose.

None se ibisekuru bimaze iki mu buzima bwa buri munsi?

Ibitekerezo by’ibisekuru bifasha abashakashatsi, abanyamakuru, inzego z’uburezi n’abakora igenamigambi gusobanukirwa uko abantu bakurira mu bihe bitandukanye.

Mu bukungu, bishobora gufasha kwiga impinduka mu isoko ry’umurimo, mu gukoresha amafaranga no mu buryo abantu bakoresha ikoranabuhanga. Mu burezi, bishobora gufasha gusuzuma ibikoresho n’uburyo bwo kwigisha bikwiriye abantu bakurira mu bihe bitandukanye. Mu itangazamakuru, bifasha gusobanura impinduka mu mico, mu itumanaho no mu mibanire y’abantu.

Ariko ibi byiciro bifite imipaka. Ntibihagije kuvuga ko umuntu adakunda ikoranabuhanga kubera ko ari mukuru, cyangwa ko umuntu azi ikoranabuhanga kubera ko ari muto. Nta gisekuru gifite imico imwe gusa, kandi abantu bavukiye mu mwaka umwe bashobora kugira ubuzima butandukanye cyane.

Pew Research Center yagiye inasaba ko ibisekuru bitafatwa nk’ibyiciro bya siyansi bifite imipaka idashobora guhinduka, ahubwo bigakoreshwa gusa igihe bifasha gusobanura ikibazo runaka.

Umwanzuro: Igihe wavukiyemo ni igice cy’inkuru yawe, si cyo gisobanura ubuzima bwawe bwose

Kuva kuri Lost Generation yibukwa mu nkuru z’intambara kugeza kuri Generation Beta iteganyijwe gukurira mu bihe by’ikoranabuhanga rikomeye, aya mazina agaragaza uburyo abantu bagerageza gusobanukirwa impinduka z’isi uko imyaka ishira.

Hari ibisekuru bifitanye isano n’ibintu byabaye mu mateka, nk’iyongera ry’abana bavuka nyuma y’Intambara ya Kabiri y’Isi Yose. Hari n’ibyiciro byamamaye kubera impinduka mu ikoranabuhanga n’imibereho, ndetse n’amazina y’ibisekuru bizaza akiri ibiteganyijwe.

Icy’ingenzi ni ukumenya ko aya mazina atagena ubushobozi, imico cyangwa ejo hazaza h’umuntu. Ibyo umuntu akura, amahirwe abonye, uburere, uburezi n’imyanzuro afata na byo bigira uruhare rukomeye mu buzima bwe.

Wowe se wavutse mu kihe gisekuru, kandi ubona ibihe wakuriyemo byagize uruhe ruhare mu buzima bwawe?

Amakuru yifashishijwe: Pew Research Center, Where Millennials End and Generation Z Begins (2019), 5 Things to Keep in Mind When You Hear About Gen Z, Millennials, Boomers and Other Generations (2023), na McCrindle, ibisobanuro ku mazina ya Generation Alpha na Generation Beta.