Mudasobwa ya mbere ya Quantum yatangiye gukora mu isanzure

Ikoranabuhanga rya quantum rimaze igihe rifatwa nk'imwe mu nkingi zishobora guhindura uburyo mudasobwa zitunganya amakuru. Ariko kugeza ubu, gukoresha mudasobwa zishingiye kuri quantum mu isanzure byari bikomeye kubera ko izo mashini zisaba ibidukikije bigenzurwa cyane.

Yakoreshaga uduce tw'urumuri Iyo processor yubatswe ku ikoranabuhanga rikoresha photons, ni ukuvuga uduce duto tw'urumuri dutwara amakuru ya quantum. Photons zikorerwa mu byombi, zigahuzwa n'inzira z'urumuri zateguwe kuri chip ntoya y'ibirahure. Kugira ngo ikoranabuhanga rikore neza, izo photons zigomba kuba zisa cyane. Itandukaniro rito mu gihe zigereye, mu ibara ry'urumuri cyangwa mu buryo zihagazeho rishobora guhungabanya imikorere ya quantum. Ibi byabaye ikibazo gikomeye kuko igikoresho cyagombaga gukora ku cyogajuru kigenda hafi ya kilometero 28,000 ku isaha, kandi kigahura n'imirasire ikomeye y'izuba ndetse n'ibibazo biterwa no koherezwa mu isanzure.

Cyahanganye n'ibibazo bikomeye Mbere yo koherezwa mu isanzure, abashakashatsi bakoze ibizamini bikomeye byo kureba niba igikoresho cyahangana n'imitingito n'imbaraga zituruka ku koherezwa kwa roketi. Ibice byoroshye byashyizwe ku byuma bya titanium, naho utwuma dutwara urumuri turakomeresha kugira ngo tutanyeganyega. Mu bizamini, igikoresho cyahuye n'imbaraga zageraga ku nshuro hafi 1,500 z'imbaraga rukuruzi z'Isi. Ku wa 23 Kamena 2025, cyoherejwe mu isanzure na roketi Falcon 9, kijya mu ntera ya kilometero hafi 510 hejuru y'Isi. Ariko ibibazo ntibyahereye ku koherezwa. Mu byuma bitandatu byifashishwa mu kumenya photons, bitatu gusa ni byo byakomeje gukoreshwa. Ikindi kibazo cyaje guturuka ku rumuri rw'izuba, kuko rwatezaga urusaku mu bipimo abashakashatsi bashakaga gufata. Kubera ko icyogajuru cyinjiraga mu gicucu cy'Isi hafi buri minota 92, abashakashatsi babonaga igihe kingana n'iminota hafi 30 kuri buri rugendo rwo gukora ibipimo bikomeye.

Imirasire n'ikibazo cya laser Ikindi kibazo cyari imirasire yo mu isanzure. Abashakashatsi bari barateguye ingabo ya aluminium ifite uburebure bwa santimetero imwe kugira ngo irinde ibikoresho. Nubwo yafashije mu kugabanya ingaruka z'imirasire imwe n'imwe, ibikoresho byakomeje kwangirika buhoro buhoro. Nyuma y'iminsi 52 mu isanzure, ibikoresho bifata photons byatangiye gutanga amakuru y'ibinyoma menshi. Haje no kubaho ikibazo kuri laser. Hari kole yari imbere muri laser yatangiye gusohora utuntu duto mu bidukikije bitarimo umwuka, dutwikira ibice bimwe by'urumuri. Ibi byatumye ingufu za laser zigabanuka cyane.

Nubwo byari bimeze bityo, quantum yarakomeje gukora Nubwo ibyo bibazo byose byabayeho, abashakashatsi babonye ikimenyetso cy'ingenzi cyerekana ko processor yari ikora ibintu byihariye bya quantum. Bahinduye ubushyuhe bwa crystal ikora photons kugira ngo barebe igihe izo photons zari kugera ku rwego rwo kuba zisa bihagije. Ku bushyuhe bwa hafi 32.5°C, babonye igabanuka ryihariye mu mubare wa photons zagaragaraga zitandukanye, ikimenyetso kizwi nka Hong-Ou-Mandel dip. Iki kimenyetso cyongeye kuboneka ku yindi minsi ibiri, mu gihe kongera guhindura imiterere ya processor mu buryo butagombaga gutanga icyo kimenyetso byatumye kibura. Ibi byafashije abashakashatsi kwemeza ko processor yari koko ikora interference ya quantum mu isanzure.

Ese ishobora gutunganya amakuru y'ibyogajuru? Oya, ntiragera kuri urwo rwego. Abashakashatsi bavuga ko iki ari intambwe ya mbere yo guteza imbere ibikoresho bikomeye kurushaho bishobora gutunganyiriza amakuru mu isanzure aho kohereza amakuru yose ku Isi. Mu gihe kiri imbere, igitekerezo ni uko ibyogajuru byashobora gutunganya amakuru byikusanyirije, urugero nk'ay'amashusho cyangwa andi makuru, bigasigira Isi amakuru y'ingenzi gusa aho kohereza amakuru yose ari mbisi. Ubushakashatsi bwatangajwe kuri arXiv ariko, nk'uko inyandiko ibigaragaza, ntiburagenzurwa n'abandi bahanga (peer review).