Mona Lisa: Ese ari nyirishusho n’ishusho ninde Uzwi ? amateka y’umugore wakorewe ifoto ifite isura izwi cyane ku isi.

Paris: Hari amashusho yabaye ibihangano bikomeye, ariko hari n’andi yarenze ibyo kuba igihangano gusa, akagira amateka yihariye akomeje kuvugwa mu ibinyejana byinshi twanyuzemo. Muri ayo mashusho harimo Mona Lisa, ishusho y’umugore ufite akamwenyuro gatangaje, yakozwe n’umuhanzi w’Umutaliyani Leonardo da Vinci. Uyu munsi, Mona Lisa ni imwe mu mashusho azwi cyane ku isi kandi ibitswe mu nzu ndangamurage ya Louvre i Paris. Ariko inyuma y’uwo mugore ugaragara muri iyo shusho hari amateka maremare arimo ubuzima bwa Lisa Gherardini Uzwi nka Mona Lisa , ubuhanzi bwa Leonardo da Vinci, urugendo rw’ishusho mu Bufaransa ndetse n’ubujura bwatumye irushaho kumenyekana. Lisa Gherardini yari muntu ki? Mona Lisa ntabwo ari izina ry’umugore w’akataraboneka wo mu nkuru z’ibihimbano. Ni izina ryahujwe n’umugore witwaga Lisa Gherardini, wavukiye i Florence mu Butaliyani mu mwaka wa 1479. Mu 1495, Lisa yashakanye na Francesco del Giocondo, umucuruzi w’indodo wari utuye i Florence. Bombi babyaranye abana batandatu. Ni uyu mugore ukunze gufatwa nk’uwashushanyijwe muri Mona Lisa. Izina Mona Lisa rikomoka kuri Monna Lisa, risobanura Madamu Lisa, mu gihe mu Butaliyani ishusho inazwi nka La Gioconda, izina rifitanye isano n’umuryango w’umugabo we. Leonardo da Vinci yatangiye kuyishushanya ryari? Amakuru yemejwe n’inzu ndangamurage ya Louvre agaragaza ko Leonardo da Vinci yatangiye gukora kuri Mona Lisa ahagana mu 1503, agakomeza kuyikoraho mu myaka yakurikiyeho kugeza mu gihe cya nyuma cy’ubuzima bwe. Hari inyandiko yo mu Kwakira 1503 yabonetse mu isomero rya kaminuza ya Heidelberg mu Budage, aho Agostino Vespucci yanditse ko Leonardo yari arimo gukora ku ishusho ya Lisa del Giocondo. Iyi nyandiko yabaye ikimenyetso gikomeye mu kwemeza igihe ishusho yatangiriye ndetse n’umwirondoro w’umugore ushushanyijwe. Louvre ivuga ko bishoboka cyane ko ishusho yari yarategetswe na Francesco del Giocondo, umugabo wa Lisa, kugira ngo hakorwe portrait y’umugore we. Kuki Leonardo atayihaye umuryango wa Lisa? Iki ni kimwe mu bintu bituma amateka ya Mona Lisa akomeza gushimisha abashakashatsi. Leonardo ntiyahise ashyikiriza Francesco del Giocondo iyo shusho. Ahubwo yayigumanye, akomeza kuyikoraho buhoro buhoro. Yaje kujyana nayo ubwo yimukiraga mu Bufaransa mu myaka ya nyuma y’ubuzima bwe. Leonardo da Vinci yaje gupfira mu Bufaransa mu mwaka w’i 1519, ariko Mona Lisa yari isigaye ari kimwe mu bihangano yari yaritayeho cyane. Akamwenyuro katumye isi yose yibaza Ikintu cyatumye Mona Lisa irushaho kuba icyamamare ni akamwenyuro kayo kadasobanutse neza. Iyo urebye ishusho, ushobora kumva ko Lisa ari kumwenyura. Ariko iyo uhinduye uko uyireba, iyo myumvire y’akamwenyuro ishobora guhinduka. Leonardo yakoresheje uburyo bw’ubuhanzi bwitwa sfumato, aho amabara n’imirongo bihuzwa mu buryo bworoheje, bigatuma nta murongo ukomeye utandukanya isura n’igicucu. Ubu buryo bwatumye isura ya Mona Lisa isa nk’aho ifite ubuzima kandi ikagira imvugo ihindagurika bitewe n’uko uyireba. Louvre ivuga ko ubu buhanga bwa Leonardo ari kimwe mu byihariye bituma ishusho ikomeza gukurura abayireba. Mona Lisa yageze ite mu Bufaransa? Leonardo amaze kujya mu Bufaransa, Mona Lisa yari mu bihangano yajyanye. Umwami w’u Bufaransa François wa Mbere yaje kubona no kugura ibihangano bya Leonardo. Louvre ivuga ko Mona Lisa ishobora kuba yaraguzwe n’umwami ahagana mu 1518, bityo yinjira mu byegeranyo by’ibwami w’u Bufaransa. Nyuma yaho, ibyo byegeranyo byaje kugira uruhare mu ishingwa n’iterambere rya Louvre nk’inzu ndangamurage, bituma Mona Lisa iba kimwe mu bihangano by’ingenzi by’igihugu cy’u Bufaransa. Umunsi Mona Lisa yibiwe i Louvre n’abajura batari bakamenye Ku wa 21 Kanama 1911, ibintu bitunguranye byabereye i Louvre. Mona Lisa yari yibwe. Kuba igihangano gikomeye nk’icyo cyari kiburiye mu nzu ndangamurage byateje urujijo rukomeye. Abapolisi batangiye gushakisha, ariko igishushanyo nticyabonetse ako kanya. Uwabikoze yari Vincenzo Peruggia, wari warigeze gukorera i Louvre. Yashoboye gukura Mona Lisa aho yari iri maze arayijyana. Mu gihe cy’imyaka irenga ibiri, aho igishushanyo cyari kiri ntihamenyekanye. Ubujura bwacyo bwakomeje gutangazwa n’ibinyamakuru, maze Mona Lisa irushaho kumenyekana ku isi. Mona Lisa yabonetse nyuma y’imyaka ibiri Mu 1913, Peruggia yagerageje gushaka umuguzi mu Butaliyani. Umucuruzi w’ibihangano witwaga Alfredo Geri ni we wamenyesheje abategetsi nyuma yo kubona ko igishushanyo yari abonye ari Mona Lisa. Ku wa 12 Ukuboza 1913, Mona Lisa yabonetse i Florence mu Butaliyani, maze Peruggia arafatwa. Nyuma yaho igishushanyo cyasubijwe mu Bufaransa. Ubwo bujura bwagize ingaruka zikomeye ku mateka y’iyi shusho. Inkuru yayo yatangajwe cyane n’ibinyamakuru byo hirya no hino ku isi, bituma Mona Lisa iba igihangano kizwi n’abantu benshi kurushaho. Kuki Mona Lisa ikomeje kuba ingenzi kugeza uyu munsi? Mona Lisa si ishusho nini cyane. Ifite uburebure bwa hafi cm 79 n’ubugari bwa cm 53, kandi yashushanyijwe ku giti cya poplar aho kuba kuri canvas. Ariko agaciro kayo ntikava ku bunini bwayo. Kuva ku buryo Leonardo yashushanijemo isura, ku buryo yakoresheje sfumato, ku kamwenyuro kadasanzwe, kugeza ku mateka y’ubujura bwayo, byose byagize uruhare mu kuyigira igihangano cyihariye. Uyu munsi Mona Lisa ibitswe mu cyumba cyabugenewe muri Louvre Museum, aho ikingiwe n’uburyo bwihariye bwo kurinda no kubungabunga ibihangano. Louvre ivuga ko kubera ko yashushanyijwe ku giti, kandi ko icyo giti cyagiye gihinduka uko imyaka yagiye ishira, ishusho ishyirwa mu kirahure gifite ubushyuhe n’ubukonje bigenzurwa. Umugore wamenyekanye kurusha ubuzima bwe Lisa Gherardini ubwe ntabwo ari umuntu tuziho amakuru menshi ugereranyije n’ubwamamare bw’ishusho ye. Nyamara isura ye yashushanyijwe na Leonardo da Vinci imaze ibinyejana birenga bitanu ikomeje kurebwa n’abantu baturuka impande zose z’isi. Ni inkuru y’umugore wabayeho mu Butaliyani bwo mu kinyejana cya 15, ariko isura ye ikaza kuba kimwe mu bimenyetso bizwi cyane by’ubuhanzi ku isi. Mona Lisa yatangiye nk’ishusho y’umugore wo mu muryango w’abacuruzi i Florence, ariko uko ibihe byagiye bisimburana, ihinduka ikimenyetso cy’ubuhanzi, amayobera n’amateka y’isi. Kugeza uyu munsi, Lisa Gherardini ashobora kuba atakibukwa cyane nk’umuntu wabayeho mu 1479, ariko isura ye iri mu ishusho ya Leonardo da Vinci iracyarebwa n’isi yose.