Lake Natron: Ikiyaga gitukura cyihishe mu Majyaruguru ya Tanzania

## Ikidendezi gifite amazi adasanzwe Mu majyaruguru ya Tanzania, ahagana hafi y’umupaka wa Kenya, hari ikiyaga gifite isura idasanzwe ku buryo amafoto yacyo yakunze gutangaza abantu ku isi. Ni Lake Natron, ikiyaga kiri mu gace ka Great Rift Valley, kizwi ku mazi ashobora kugaragara mu mabara atukura cyangwa y’umutuku wijimye, ndetse n’imiterere y’amazi arimo umunyu n’ubutare bwinshi. Amazi ya alkaline, ubushyuhe bukabije n’umunyu mwinshi bituma iki kiyaga kiba kimwe mu bice by’isi bitangaje, ariko ni na cyo kibanza gikomeye cyo kororeramo Lesser Flamingo. Ariko inyuma y’iyo sura ishobora gutera ubwoba hari inkuru y’ingenzi kurushaho: iki kiyaga ni ahantu h’ingenzi cyane ku Lesser Flamingo, imwe mu nyoni z’ingenzi mu bidukikije byo muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba. Lake Natron ni ikiyaga cya alkaline, bivuze ko amazi yacyo afite ubukare buri hejuru cyane ugereranyije n’amazi asanzwe. Ikigo cya Tanzania Wildlife Management Authority kivuga ko pH y’amazi ishobora kugera hagati ya 9.5 na 12, mu gihe ubushyuhe bwo muri ako gace bushobora kugera no hejuru ya 40°C. Iyi miterere ituma ibinyabuzima byinshi bidashobora kubaho muri ayo mazi. Nyamara, hari ibinyabuzima byamenyereye iyo miterere ikomeye, bigakomeza kubaho muri iki kiyaga. ## Kuki amazi ya Lake Natron ashobora kuba umutuku? Amabara atukura cyangwa asa n’umucunga agaragara ku bice bimwe bya Lake Natron ntabwo ari amaraso cyangwa ikindi kintu cy’amayobera. NASA isobanura ko ibinyabuzima bito bikunda ahantu hari umunyu mwinshi, birimo cyanobacteria, bishobora kugira uruhare mu gutuma amazi cyangwa ibice by’ikiyaga bigira ayo mabara. Iyo amazi agabanutse kandi umunyu ukagenda wibumbira hamwe, amabara ashobora kurushaho kugaragara. Ibi bituma Lake Natron ihindura isura bitewe n’ibihe, ubwinshi bw’amazi n’imiterere y’ibinyabuzima biyirimo. ## Aho flamingo zibona ahantu ho kororera Kimwe mu bintu bitangaje kuri Lake Natron ni uko amazi adakunda ubuzima bwinshi ari na yo mpamvu ako gace gafite akamaro gakomeye ku nyoni zimwe. Lake Natron ni hamwe mu hantu h’ingenzi cyane ho kororera Lesser Flamingo. TAWA ivuga ko muri Afurika y’Iburasirazuba habarurwa hagati ya miliyoni 1.5 na 2.5 za Lesser Flamingo, kandi Lake Natron ikaba ifite uruhare rukomeye mu kororoka kwazo. Imiterere y’aho hantu ishobora kandi kugabanya umubare w’inyamaswa zibasha kugera ahantu flamingo zikororera, bigafasha kurinda ibyari byazo. ## Ikirunga kiri hafi y’iki kiyaga Lake Natron ntiri mu butaka busanzwe gusa. Iherereye mu gace gafite ibikorwa by’ibirunga bya Great Rift Valley. Hafi y’iki kiyaga hari Ol Doinyo Lengai, ikirunga kizwi cyane muri Tanzania. Ibikorwa by’ibirunga n’amasoko y’amazi yo munsi y’ubutaka bigira uruhare mu kuzana imyunyu n’ubutare bigira uruhare mu miterere y’amazi ya Lake Natron. Ibi ni bimwe mu bituma iki kiyaga kiba ahantu hihariye mu bijyanye n’imiterere y’isi n’ibidukikije. ## Ese Lake Natron ihindura inyamaswa amabuye? Iyi ni yo nkuru yatumye Lake Natron imenyekana cyane ku mbuga nkoranyambaga. Hari amafoto y’ibisigazwa by’inyamaswa byabonetse hafi y’ikiyaga bigaragara nk’ibikomeye cyane, bituma bamwe bavuga ko amazi ya Lake Natron “ahindura inyamaswa amabuye.” Ariko iyo mvugo igomba gufatwa neza. Amazi arimo alkaline nyinshi n’imyunyu ashobora gufasha mu kubika no gutwikira ibisigazwa by’ibinyabuzima, bigatuma bigira isura ikomeye kandi isa n’iy’amabuye. Ntabwo bivuze ko inyamaswa zose zinjiye mu kiyaga zihita zihinduka amabuye. Icy’ingenzi ni imiterere yihariye y’amazi n’uburyo igira uruhare mu kubika ibisigazwa by’ibinyabuzima. ## Ikidukikije gikomeye ariko gifite agaciro Lake Natron ni urugero rw’uko kamere ishobora kugira ibidukikije bikomeye ariko bikagira uruhare rukomeye mu kubungabunga ubuzima. Ku bantu, amazi yacyo n’ubushyuhe bishobora gutuma ahantu hasa nk’ahadakwiriye ubuzima bwinshi. Ariko ku binyabuzima byamenyereye iyo miterere, icyo kiyaga ni ahantu h’ingenzi. By'umwihariko, akamaro kacyo kuri Lesser Flamingo ni kamwe mu mpamvu zikomeye zituma Lake Natron ifatwa nk’ahantu hakwiye kubungwabungwa. ## Umurage w’ibidukikije wa Tanzania Lake Natron Basin yashyizwe ku rutonde rw’ibishanga bifite akamaro mpuzamahanga rwa Ramsar ku wa 4 Nyakanga 2001. Ibi byerekana ko agaciro k’iki kiyaga karenze kuba ahantu nyaburanga cyangwa ahantu hakurura ba mukerarugendo. Ni igice cy’urusobe rw’ibidukikije rufite uruhare mu kubungabunga inyoni n’ibindi binyabuzima byo muri ako karere. ## Lake Natron si “ikiyaga cyica inyamaswa” gusa Lake Natron ishobora gutangaza umuntu kubera amazi yayo y’amabara adasanzwe, umunyu mwinshi n’ubushyuhe bukabije. Ariko iyo ukurikiriye inkuru yayo neza, usanga atari “ikiyaga cyica inyamaswa” gusa nk’uko rimwe na rimwe bigaragara. Ni ahantu kamere yubatseho ubuzima mu buryo budasanzwe — ikiyaga gikomeye ku binyabuzima byinshi, ariko kikaba ingenzi cyane ku Lesser Flamingo. Lake Natron ni kimwe mu bintu bitwibutsa ko ku Isi hari ahantu ushobora kubona ibintu bisa n’ibidasanzwe, nyamara inyuma yabyo hakaba hari ibisobanuro bya siyansi n’urusobe rw’ibidukikije rugomba kurindwa.