Gutura ku kwezi no kubaho nta gupfa: Ibintu 10 bishobora kuzaba ku isi mu myaka 50 iri imbere

Iyo urebye uko ikoranabuhanga, ubuvuzi, ingufu n’ubushakashatsi mu by’ikirere biri gutera imbere, isi yo mu mwaka wa 2076 ni ukuvuga mu myaka 50 iri imbere ishobora kuba itandukanye cyane n’iyo tubamo uyu munsi. Ibigo by’ubushakashatsi, abahanga mu ikoranabuhanga n’abiga ku hazaza h’isi bakomeje kwerekana ko hari impinduka zishobora guhindura uburyo abantu batuye, bakora, bavura indwara, batwara abantu ndetse n’uko bakorana n’imashini. Nubwo bimwe muri ibi bikiri mu rwego rw’ibiteganywa kandi bishobora kutabaho nk’uko tubitekereza uyu munsi, hari ikoranabuhanga rimaze gutangira kubakwa ndetse rikaba ritanga icyizere cy'impinduka y'ibintu byinshi ku isi. Urugero, World Economic Forum ivuga ko AI, robotics, ikoranabuhanga ry’ingufu n’itumanaho biri mu bintu bizagira uruhare runini mu guhindura imirimo n’ubukungu mu myaka iri imbere. Dore ibintu 10 bishobora kuranga isi mu myaka 50 iri imbere: 1. Abantu bashobora gutura no gukorera ku Kwezi ndetse no kuri Mars Kimwe mu bintu bishobora kuranga imyaka 50 iri imbere ni ukwaguka k’ubuzima bw’abantu bukagera hanze y’Isi. NASA imaze gushyira imbere gahunda ya Moon to Mars, igamije kongera kohereza abantu ku Kwezi no gukoresha ubwo bushakashatsi nk’intambwe igana ku kohereza abantu kuri Mars. Gahunda ya Artemis irimo kubaka ubushobozi bwo kugira ibikorwa birambye ku Kwezi, mbere yo gukomeza urugendo rugana kuri Mars. NASA ivuga ko Mars ari imwe mu ntego z’ingenzi z’ubushakashatsi bw’abantu, nubwo kugeza ubu nta muntu urahagera. Ikigo kandi kiri gukora ku ikoranabuhanga rizafasha abantu gutembera, gutura no gukora ubushakashatsi kuri uyu mubumbe. Mu 2076, birashoboka ko aho gutekereza ku Kwezi na Mars nk’ahantu h’indege z’ubushakashatsi gusa, hazaba hari ibigo by’ubushakashatsi, sitasiyo z’abantu cyangwa ibikorwa by’ubucuruzi bishingiye ku kirere. 2. Ubuvuzi bushobora gutuma abantu baramba kandi bagasaza bafite ubuzima bwiza Ubushakashatsi mu bijyanye n’uturemangingo, genetics, biotechnology na AI bushobora guhindura uburyo indwara no gusaza bivurwa. Ariko kuvuga ko mu 2076 abantu bazabaho nta gupfa cyangwa kubaho imyaka irenga 150, nta gihamya ihagije uyu munsi, gusa abahanga mu by'ikoranabuhanga bavuga ko hazakorwa ikoranabuhanga rifasha abantu kuramba no kubaho badapfa. Icyizere gihari ni uko ubuvuzi bushobora kurushaho kongera imyaka umuntu amara afite ubuzima bwiza. Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (WHO) rivuga ko umubare w’abantu bafite imyaka 60 kuzamura uzikuba hafi kabiri hagati ya 2020 na 2050, bikazagira uruhare runini mu guhindura ubuzima n’ubuvuzi ku Isi. Mu myaka 50 iri imbere, imiti ishobora kurushaho kwibanda ku mpamvu z’indwara zishingiye ku turemangingo no ku muntu ku giti cye, aho gukoresha uburyo bumwe ku barwayi bose. 3. Icyuho hagati y’abafite ikoranabuhanga n’abatarifite gishobora kwiyongera Iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga rishobora kuzana amahirwe menshi, ariko rishobora no gutuma habaho itandukaniro rikomeye hagati y’abantu bafite ubushobozi bwo kurikoresha n’abatabufite. Abantu bafite ubushobozi bwo kugura ikoranabuhanga rihenze bashobora kuba bafite uburyo bwiza bwo kubona ubuvuzi bugezweho, amashuri, AI, ibikoresho byongera ubushobozi bw’umubiri cyangwa n’uburyo bushya bwo gukora. Ibi bishobora gutuma “ikoranabuhanga” riba kimwe mu bipimo bishya bigaragaza itandukaniro ry’imibereho. World Economic Forum isanzwe igaragaza ko ikoranabuhanga rishobora kuzana umusaruro mwinshi ariko ko hari n’ingaruka zo gusimbura imirimo imwe n’imwe no kongera icyuho mu bumenyi n’amahirwe, bitewe n’uko ibihugu n’ibigo bizaryakira. 4. Ubwonko bushobora kuzarushaho guhuzwa na mudasobwa Brain-computer interfaces, cyangwa uburyo bwo guhuza ubwonko n’imashini, bushobora kuba bumwe mu bwenge buhindura cyane ubuzima bw’abantu. Uyu munsi ubushakashatsi bukorwa ku buryo ibikoresho bishobora kwakira cyangwa gusoma ibimenyetso by’ubwonko bikabihinduramo amabwiriza mudasobwa ishobora kumva. Mu gihe iri koranabuhanga ryaba ritera imbere, rishobora gufasha cyane abantu bafite ubumuga bwo kugenda cyangwa kuvuga, ndetse rikaba ryagera no ku bindi bikorwa. Icyakora, igitekerezo cy’uko abantu bazajya ba “download-a” ubumenyi mu bwonko cyangwa bohererezanya ibitekerezo nka telefoni ntikiraba ikoranabuhanga risanzwe kandi ntitwakagombye kukivuga nk’ikintu kizabaho nta kabuza. 5. Ibiribwa bikorerwa mu buryo bushya bishobora kwiyongera cyane Mu myaka 50 iri imbere, uburyo bwo kubona ibiribwa bushobora guhinduka. Inyama zikorerwa muri laboratwari, proteins zikorwa hifashishijwe fermentation, ndetse n’ubuhinzi bukoresha ikoranabuhanga rigezweho bishobora kurushaho gukoreshwa. Intego yaba iyo kugabanya ubutaka n’amazi bikenerwa mu gutanga ibiribwa, kongera umusaruro no guhangana n’imihindagurikire y’ikirere. Ntabwo bivuze ko ubworozi n’ubuhinzi bizashira. Ahubwo bishobora kujyana n’ubundi buryo bushya bwo gukora ibiribwa. 6. Imijyi yo mu 2076 ishobora kuba itandukanye cyane n’iyo tubamo uyu munsi AI ishobora gucunga uburyo imodoka zigenda, gukoresha amashanyarazi, amazi, imyanda, umutekano n’ibindi bikorwa remezo. Hari n’ibitekerezo by’imijyi yubakwa hejuru cyangwa hafi y’inyanja kugira ngo hongerwe ahantu ho gutura mu gihe abaturage biyongera ndetse n’ingaruka z’imihindagurikire y’ikirere zikomeje kugaragara. Ariko imijyi ireremba ku nyanja cyangwa imijyi minini yubakwa munsi y’ubutaka iracyari mu rwego rw’ibitekerezo n’ubushakashatsi, ntabwo ari ibintu byemejwe ko bizaba bisanzwe mu 2076. Gusa birashoboka cyane ko mu myaka 50 iri imbere tuzaba dutemberera mu mijyi yubatse munsi y'inyanja. 7. Fusion ishobora kuba imwe mu nkingi z’ingufu z’Isi Nuclear fusion ni uburyo bwo kubyaza ingufu binyuze mu mikorere imeze nk’ikorwa ry’ingufu ku zuba. Abahanga bamaze imyaka myinshi bashaka uburyo bwo gukora fusion ishobora gutanga amashanyarazi ku buryo buhoraho kandi bwunguka. Hari imishinga myinshi ya fusion iteganya gutangira cyangwa kugera ku byiciro bitandukanye hagati ya 2025 na 2055, nk’uko International Energy Agency ibigaragaza. Niba ikoranabuhanga rishobora gutanga amashanyarazi menshi ku giciro gishobora guhangana n’izindi mbaraga ryagerwaho, mu 2076 fusion ishobora kuba igice gikomeye cy’umurongo w’ingufu ku Isi. Ariko kuvuga ko amakara n’ibikomoka kuri peteroli bizaba byarazimye burundu mu 2076 ni ugukora prediction irenze ibimenyetso bihari uyu munsi. 8. Quantum computing ishobora guhindura mudasobwa n’umutekano w’amakuru Mudasobwa za quantum zishobora guhindura uburyo dukemura ibibazo bikomeye cyane ku buryo mudasobwa zisanzwe zidashobora kubikemura neza. Mu gihe ikoranabuhanga rizaba rimaze gukura, rishobora kugira uruhare mu buvuzi, ibikoresho bishya, ikirere, imari, logistics ndetse n’umutekano w’amakuru. Kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye ni uko mudasobwa za quantum zikomeye cyane zishobora kugira ingaruka kuri bumwe mu buryo busanzwe bwo kurinda amakuru. Ibi bishobora gutuma Isi ikenera uburyo bushya bwo kubika no kohereza amakuru mu buryo bwizewe. 9. Amarobo ashobora kuba igice gisanzwe cy’ubuzima bwa buri munsi Amarobo ntashobora kuba agikoreshwa gusa mu nganda nk’uko bimeze cyane uyu munsi. Mu myaka iri imbere, humanoid robots zishobora gukora imirimo irimo gutwara ibintu, gufasha mu nganda, gukora mu bubiko, gufasha abantu bageze mu zabukuru cyangwa gukora imirimo imwe yo mu ngo. World Economic Forum ivuga ko robotics na autonomous systems biri mu ikoranabuhanga rizagira uruhare rukomeye mu ihinduka ry’imirimo, ndetse rishobora no gusimbura imwe mu mirimo iriho uyu munsi. Ibi bishobora gutuma abantu barushaho kwibanda ku mirimo isaba guhanga udushya, gufata ibyemezo, gukorana n’abandi no gukoresha ikoranabuhanga. 10. Isi y’ikoranabuhanga ishobora guhuza ubuzima busanzwe n’ubw’ikoranabuhanga Mu 2076, uburyo abantu bakorera, bigiramo ndetse baganiriramo bushobora kuba butandukanye cyane. Virtual reality, augmented reality na digital twins bishobora gutuma umuntu ashobora gukorana n’undi muntu uri kure mu buryo bumwe n’aho baba bari kumwe. Digital twin ishobora kandi gukoreshwa mu gukora kopi y’ikoranabuhanga y’umuntu, imodoka, uruganda cyangwa umujyi kugira ngo bigeragerezwemo impinduka mbere y’uko zikorerwa ku kintu nyirizina. Ibi bishobora kugabanya ingendo zimwe na zimwe zijyanye n’akazi cyangwa amashuri, ariko ntabwo bivuze ko abantu bazareka guhura imbonankubone. Isi yo mu 2076 izaba imeze ite? Nta muntu ushobora kuvuga neza uko isi izaba imeze mu 2076. Icyizere gihari ni uko ibintu bimwe muri ibi bizatera imbere cyane, mu gihe ibindi bishobora gutinda cyangwa bigahinduka mu buryo tutateganyije. Ikigaragara ni uko impinduka ziri gutangira uyu munsi: AI na robotics biri guhindura imirimo, ubuvuzi buri kurushaho kwibanda ku mibereho y’abantu bageze mu zabukuru, naho NASA ikomeje kubaka gahunda yo kongera abantu ku Kwezi no gutegura urugendo rugana kuri Mars. Bityo, imyaka 50 iri imbere ishobora kutazana gusa “imashini zidasanzwe”, ahubwo ishobora guhindura ibintu by’ibanze bigize ubuzima bw’umuntu: aho atuye, uko akora, uko avurwa, uko abona ibiribwa, uko akoresha ingufu n’uburyo akorana n’ikoranabuhanga.