Gutanga amaraso: Igikorwa cy’ubwitange gishobora kurokora ubuzima bw’abantu benshi

Gutanga amaraso ni igikorwa cy’ubwitange gifite uruhare rukomeye mu kurokora ubuzima bw’abantu. Amaraso atangwa n’abakorerabushake ashobora gufasha abarwayi batandukanye, barimo abagore bagira ibibazo byo kuva amaraso menshi mu gihe cyo kubyara, abakomeretse mu mpanuka, abana bafite ikibazo cyo kubura amaraso n’abarwayi bakeneye kubagwa cyangwa kuvurwa indwara zikomeye.

Mu Rwanda, ibikorwa byo gukusanya amaraso no kuyageza ku bitaro bigirwamo uruhare n’inzego z’ubuzima zirimo Rwanda Biomedical Centre (RBC), binyuze mu Ishami rishinzwe Gutanga no Gucunga Amaraso (Blood Transfusion Division), ku bufatanye n’abafatanyabikorwa barimo Croix-Rouge y’u Rwanda.

Izi nzego zigira uruhare mu gukangurira abaturage gutanga amaraso ku bushake, kuyakusanya, kuyapima no kuyageza ku bayakeneye mu buryo bwizewe. Ibi bifasha ibitaro kugira amaraso ashobora gukoreshwa mu kuvura abarwayi igihe bikenewe.

Kuki ari ngombwa gutanga amaraso inshuro zirenze imwe?

Hari abatekereza ko gutanga amaraso rimwe bihagije, nyamara ibitaro bikenera amaraso buri gihe kugira ngo bikomeze kuvura abarwayi bayakeneye.

Impamvu ya mbere ni uko amaraso adashobora kubikwa igihe kitagira iherezo. Buri bwoko bw’amaraso cyangwa ibiyakomokaho bugira igihe bumara bubitswe, bitewe n’uburyo bwabwo n’amabwiriza agenga imicungire yabwo. Ni yo mpamvu hakenewe abantu batanga amaraso bashya ndetse n’abasubiramo kugira ngo ububiko bw’amaraso budahora bushira.

Impamvu ya kabiri ni uko abarwayi bayakenera mu bihe bitandukanye. Hari abakomeretse mu mpanuka, abagore bagize ibibazo mu gihe cyo kubyara, abarwayi bari kubagwa n’abandi bafite indwara zituma bakenera guterwa amaraso cyangwa ibiyakomokaho.

Impamvu ya gatatu ni uko gutanga amaraso kenshi, igihe umuntu abyemerewe, bifasha inzego z’ubuzima guteganya amaraso azakenerwa no kugabanya ibyago byo kuyabura mu bitaro.

Ishami ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS/WHO) risobanura ko gutanga amaraso ku bushake, nta gihembo cy’amafaranga, ari ingenzi mu kubona amaraso ahagije kandi yizewe.

Ni ryari umuntu ashobora kongera gutanga amaraso?

Gutanga amaraso inshuro nyinshi ntibivuze ko umuntu ayatanga igihe cyose abishakiye. Agomba kubanza gusuzumwa n’abakozi b’ubuzima kugira ngo hamenyekane niba abishoboye kandi ko bitabangamira ubuzima bwe.

Ku maraso asanzwe (whole blood), igihe gikunze gukoreshwa mu mabwiriza mpuzamahanga ni nibura iminsi 56, ni ukuvuga ibyumweru umunani, hagati y’itangwa rimwe n’irindi. Icyakora, umuntu agomba gukurikiza amabwiriza ya RBC n’igihe ahabwa n’abakozi b’ubuzima, kuko ibisabwa bishobora gutandukana bitewe n’uburyo amaraso atangwamo.

Mu Rwanda, ibisabwa birimo kugira ubuzima bwiza, kuzuza imyaka n’ibiro bisabwa, ndetse no gutsinda isuzuma rikorwa mbere yo gutanga amaraso. Kuba umuntu yujuje imyaka n’ibiro byonyine ntibihagije, kuko imiti afata, amateka y’ubuzima bwe n’ibindi bibazo bishobora gutuma asabwa gutegereza cyangwa ntatange amaraso.

Ni yo mpamvu ari ngombwa kubanza kugisha inama RBC cyangwa abakozi b’ubuzima mbere yo kongera gutanga amaraso.

Inyungu zo gutanga amaraso ku uyatanga

Nubwo intego nyamukuru yo gutanga amaraso ari ugufasha abandi, iki gikorwa gifite uruhare mu guteza imbere umuco w’ubwitange no gufasha abantu.

1. Gusuzumwa mbere yo gutanga amaraso

Mbere yo kwakira amaraso, abakozi b’ubuzima babaza uyatanga ibibazo bijyanye n’ubuzima bwe, bakagenzura ibipimo bikenewe kugira ngo barebe niba kuyatanga ari umutekano kuri we. Hashobora kugenzurwa umuvuduko w’amaraso n’igipimo cy’amaraso atukura, bitewe n’amabwiriza akurikizwa.

Ibi bishobora gutuma umuntu amenya ko hari ikintu gisaba gukurikiranwa, ariko ntibisimbura isuzuma rusange rya muganga cyangwa ngo bivuze ko gutanga amaraso birinda indwara.

2. Kugira uruhare mu kurokora ubuzima

Umuntu utanga amaraso aba atanze umusanzu ushobora gufasha umurwayi gukira cyangwa kurokoka. Amaraso ashobora gutunganywa agabanywamo ibice bitandukanye, birimo amaraso atukura, platelets na plasma, kugira ngo bifashe abarwayi bafite ibibazo bitandukanye.

3. Kwitoza ubwitange n’ubufatanye

Gutanga amaraso bituma umuntu agira uruhare mu gufasha abantu ashobora kuba atazi. Ni igikorwa gishingiye ku bumuntu, impuhwe n’ubufatanye, kuko amaraso ye ashobora gufasha umurwayi uwo ari we wese wujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo ayahabwe.

4. Kubera abandi urugero rwiza

Umuntu utanga amaraso ku bushake ashobora kubera abandi urugero, bigatuma na bo bashishikarira kwitabira iki gikorwa. Uko umubare w’abatanga amaraso wiyongera, ni ko bishobora gufasha inzego z’ubuzima kubona amaraso ahagije.

Icyakora, gutanga amaraso bishobora gutera umunaniro cyangwa kuzungera by’igihe gito ku bantu bamwe. Ni ngombwa kuruhuka nyuma yo kuyatanga, kunywa amazi no gukurikiza inama z’abakozi b’ubuzima. Gutanga amaraso ntibigomba gufatwa nk’uburyo bwo kwivuza cyangwa kugabanya umubyibuho.

Inyungu zo gutanga amaraso ku uyakira

Ku muntu ukeneye amaraso, kuyabona ku gihe bishobora kugira uruhare rukomeye mu kumuvura no kurokora ubuzima bwe.

• Ku bagore babyara: Amaraso ashobora gukenerwa igihe umugore ava amaraso menshi mu gihe cyo kubyara cyangwa nyuma yaho. • Ku bakomeretse mu mpanuka: Abatakaje amaraso menshi bashobora kuyakenera mu gihe cyo kuvurwa. • Ku barwayi babagwa: Hari ibikorwa byo kubaga bishobora gutuma umurwayi akenera guterwa amaraso cyangwa ibiyakomokaho. • Ku bana n’abandi bafite ikibazo cyo kubura amaraso: Amaraso ashobora gufasha abarwayi bafite indwara zituma umubiri wabo utagira amaraso ahagije. • Ku barwayi bafite indwara zikomeye: Bamwe mu barwayi bavurwa kanseri cyangwa izindi ndwara bashobora gukenera amaraso atukura, platelets cyangwa plasma.

Ibi bigaragaza ko gutanga amaraso ari igikorwa gifite agaciro kanini mu buvuzi. Umuntu ashobora kutamenya uwo amaraso ye azafasha, ariko ashobora kuba igisubizo ku murwayi uri mu bihe bikomeye.

Kuki ari byiza kugira ikarita y’utanga amaraso?

Ikarita y’utanga amaraso, iyo itangwa n’urwego rubifitiye ububasha, ishobora gufasha umuntu gukurikirana gahunda ye yo gutanga amaraso no kumenya amateka y’ayo yatanze.

Ikarita cyangwa inyandiko zibitswe n’urwego rushinzwe amaraso bishobora gufasha mu:

• Kugaragaza ko umuntu yiyandikishije muri gahunda yo gutanga amaraso. • Gukurikirana amatariki umuntu yatanzeho amaraso no kumenya igihe ashobora kongera kuyatanga. • Gufasha abakozi b’ubuzima kugenzura amateka y’utanga amaraso no kubahiriza igihe kigomba kuba hagati y’itangwa rimwe n’irindi. • Gushishikariza umuntu gukomeza kugira umuco wo gutanga amaraso ku bushake.

Icyakora, ikarita ntisimbura isuzuma rikorwa buri gihe mbere yo gutanga amaraso. Kuba umuntu ayifite ntibivuze ko yemerewe kuyatanga igihe cyose, kuko agomba kubanza kugenzurwa n’abakozi b’ubuzima.

Nanone, ikarita y’utanga amaraso ntimuha uburenganzira bwihariye bwo kubona amaraso igihe yaba arwaye. Gutanga amaraso ku murwayi bikorwa hakurikijwe uko amerewe, ibyo akeneye n’amabwiriza agenga serivisi z’ubuzima.

Abifuza kumenya uko biyandikisha muri gahunda yo gutanga amaraso cyangwa uko babona ikarita bashobora kubaza RBC cyangwa Croix-Rouge y’u Rwanda kugira ngo bahabwe amakuru yemewe.

NYANGEZI ASIIMWE Felix mu bashishikariza abaturage gutanga amaraso

NYANGEZI ASIIMWE Felix na we avuga ko atanga amaraso, igikorwa afata nk’uburyo bwo kugira uruhare mu gufasha abandi no gushyigikira ibikorwa byo kurokora ubuzima.

Uruhare rw’abaturage nk’uyu ni ingenzi mu gukangurira abandi kumva ko gutanga amaraso atari igikorwa kigenewe abantu bake, ahubwo ko ari igikorwa cy’ubwitange gishobora gukorwa n’umuntu wese ubishoboye kandi wujuje ibisabwa n’inzego z’ubuzima.

Ubutumwa ni uko umuntu adakwiye gutegereza ko uwo mu muryango we arwara kugira ngo atekereze gutanga amaraso. Iyo amaraso atanzwe ku bushake, agapimwa kandi agatunganywa mu buryo bwizewe, ashobora gufasha abarwayi batandukanye igihe bayakeneye.

RBC na Croix-Rouge y’u Rwanda: Ubufatanye mu bikorwa byo gutanga amaraso

RBC, binyuze mu Ishami rishinzwe Gutanga no Gucunga Amaraso, igira uruhare mu gufasha igihugu kubona amaraso ahagije kandi yizewe. Croix-Rouge y’u Rwanda na yo igira uruhare mu bikorwa byo gukangurira abaturage gutanga amaraso no gushyigikira gahunda zijyanye no kuyakusanya.

Ubufatanye bw’izi nzego bufasha abaturage kurushaho kumenya ibisabwa mbere yo gutanga amaraso, uko umuntu yakwitwara nyuma yo kuyatanga n’aho yakwiyandikisha kugira ngo ajye ayatanga mu buryo buhoraho.

Abifuza andi makuru bashobora gusura urubuga rwa RBC cyangwa urwa Croix-Rouge y’u Rwanda.

Umwanzuro: Amaraso utanga ashobora kurokora ubuzima bw’undi

Gutanga amaraso ni igikorwa cy’ubwitange gifite akamaro gakomeye ku barwayi, ku miryango yabo no ku gihugu muri rusange. Gusubiramo kuyatanga mu gihe cyemewe bifasha gukomeza kugira amaraso ahagije mu bitaro, ariko umutekano w’utanga amaraso ugomba guhora uza imbere.

Buri muntu wifuza gutanga amaraso akwiye kumenya ibisabwa, kugisha inama abakozi b’ubuzima no gukurikiza igihe cyagenwe hagati y’itangwa rimwe n’irindi.

Tanga amaraso niba ubyemerewe. Shishikariza abandi kuyatanga. Amaraso yawe ashobora gufasha kurokora ubuzima bw’umuntu utigeze umenya.