Gusomana byaje bite? Bishobora kuba bimaze imyaka isaga miliyoni 20

Ubushakashatsi bugerageza gusobanura inkomoko yo gusomana, mu gihe ibindi bimenyetso bigaragaza ko inyamaswa yitwaga “ingwe y’Amerika” itari ingwe nk’uko abahanga babitekerezaga. Kuki abantu basomana, kandi iyi myitwarire yaba yarakomotse he? Nubwo gusomana ari kimwe mu bikorwa bimenyerewe mu mibanire y’abantu, impamvu nyayo yatumye kubaho kwayo iracyari amayobera ku bashakashatsi. Inkuru yatangajwe n’ikinyamakuru Popular Science ku wa 7 Ukwakira 2026, yagarutse ku bushakashatsi bugerageza kumenya igihe gusomana byatangiriye, ndetse n’ibindi bintu bidasanzwe byagaragajwe na siyansi. Gusomana bishobora kuba bimaze imyaka isaga miliyoni 20 Mu mwaka wa 2026, igihembo cya Ig Nobel mu bijyanye n’ubukanishi bw’umubiri cyahawe abashakashatsi bakoze ubushakashatsi ku kibazo gisa n’icyoroshye, ariko gifite ibisobanuro byinshi: gusomana ni iki mu by’ukuri? Aba bashakashatsi basobanuye gusomana nk’igikorwa cyo gukoranaho iminwa hagati y’ibinyabuzima byo mu bwoko bumwe, kitagamije kurwana kandi kitajyanye no guhererekanya ibiribwa. Iyi nsobanuro yashyizweho kugira ngo gusomana bititiranywa n’ibindi bikorwa by’inyamaswa. Urugero, hari ibimonyo bigaburirana bikoresheje umunwa, inzuki n’inyoni zihanahana ibiribwa, ndetse n’amafi arwana ahuriza hamwe akanwa gafunguye. Nyuma yo gusobanura icyo gusomana ari cyo, abashakashatsi basuzumye ubushakashatsi butandukanye ku nyamaswa zo mu muryango w’inguge n’izifitanye isano na zo, bashaka kumenya igihe iyi myitwarire ishobora kuba yaratangiriye. Bakoresheje uburyo bwo gukurikirana uko imiterere n’imyitwarire y’ibinyabuzima byagiye bihinduka mu gihe cy’ihindagurika ry’ibinyabuzima, bagerageje kugereranya igihe gusomana kwaba kwaragaragaye bwa mbere. Ibyavuye mu bushakashatsi byerekana ko bishobora kuba bimaze imyaka isaga miliyoni 20. Nubwo bimeze bityo, impamvu nyayo yatumye gusomana gukomera mu mibanire y’abantu ntiramenyekana neza. Inyamaswa yitwaga “ingwe y’Amerika” ishobora kuba itari ingwe Ubundi bushakashatsi bwagarutsweho bureba inyamaswa yazimye yitwaga Miracinonyx, yari imaze igihe izwi ku izina ry’“ingwe y’Amerika” kubera ko yatekerekwaga ko yasaga n’inyamaswa yitwa cheetah, izwiho kwiruka cyane. Abahanga mu bisigazwa by’ibinyabuzima batekerezaga ko iyi nyamaswa yari yarahindutse kugira ngo ibashe kwiruka vuba, ifate inyamaswa yitwa pronghorn, izwiho kwiruka cyane muri Amerika ya Ruguru. Iyo nyigisho yavugaga ko izi nyamaswa zombi zagendaga zihinduka mu buryo buzuzanya: pronghorn ikagira umuvuduko ukomeye kugira ngo ihunge, na Miracinonyx na yo ikagira ubushobozi bwo kuyihiga. Ariko abashakashatsi batangiye gushidikanya kuri iyo nyigisho. Mu mwaka wa 2023, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko amagufwa yo ku maguru y’imbere y’iyi nyamaswa yari ameze nk’ay’inyamaswa nka puma, zifashisha amaguru mu gufata no kugundira umuhigo, aho kuba ay’inyamaswa zagenewe kwiruka ku muvuduko ukabije. Ubushakashatsi bushya bwakomeje guhindura uko abahanga bayibona. Ibisigazwa byayo byabonetse mu duce two mu majyaruguru ya Amerika ya Ruguru, harimo no muri Yukon, ahantu hatari pronghorn zo guhigwa nk’uko iyo nyigisho yabivugaga. Isesengura ry’uturemangingo ndangasano, ari two ADN, ryerekanye ko iyi nyamaswa yari ifitanye isano ya bugufi na puma zo muri iki gihe kurusha cheetah. Ikindi kimenyetso cyaturutse ku isesengura ry’ibinyabutabire biboneka mu bisigazwa by’amagufwa. Abashakashatsi bakeka ko izabaga mu gace ka Yukon zashoboraga kurya amafi ya salmon. Ibi bituma havuka ikindi kibazo: niba iyi nyamaswa itarahigaga pronghorn nk’uko byatekerekwaga, ni iki cyatumaga izo nyamaswa zigira umuvuduko ukomeye wo kwiruka? Abakire bubakiraga amazu y’agatangaza yo gushyingurwamo Indi nkuru yagarutsweho ni amateka y’inyubako zihenze zubakwaga kugira ngo zishyirwemo ibisigazwa by’abantu bapfuye. Izo nyubako zizwi mu Cyongereza nka mausoleums. Urugero rutangwa ni urw’inyubako ziri mu irimbi rya Allegheny, mu mujyi wa Pittsburgh muri Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika. Muri iryo rimbi hari ibishushanyo by’ibiremwa bisa na sphinx, bifite imitako isa n’iyo mu Misiri ya kera. Ibyo bishushanyo ntibigaragaza byanze bikunze imigenzo nyayo yo gushyingura yo mu Misiri. Ahubwo byubatswe mu rwego rwo kugaragaza ubutunzi n’icyubahiro by’umunyemari n’umunyenganda witwaga Emil Winter. Winter yashyinguwe muri iyo nyubako mu mwaka wa 1941. Icyakora, igitekerezo cyo kubaka inyubako y’akataraboneka yo gushyingurwamo nticyari icye wenyine. Yagifashe nyuma yo kubona indi nyubako nk’iyo yari yarubakiwe umuryango wa Woolworth mu mujyi wa New York, na yo yari yarakozwe n’umwubatsi umwe. Izi nyubako zigaragaza uko bamwe mu bakire bo mu bihe byashize bashakaga ko n’aho bashyinguwe hagaragaza ubutunzi, icyubahiro n’izina basize ku isi. Ibyo izi nkuru zitwigisha Izi nkuru eshatu zigaragaza ko hari ibintu bimenyerewe mu buzima bwa buri munsi cyangwa mu mateka y’abantu n’inyamaswa, ariko ibisobanuro byabyo bikaba bigikomeje gukorwaho ubushakashatsi. Gusomana biracyateza amatsiko ku nkomoko yabyo; inyamaswa yitwaga ingwe y’Amerika ikomeje gusobanurwa bundi bushya hashingiwe ku bimenyetso bya siyansi; naho inyubako z’abakire zo gushyingurwamo zikagaragaza uko abantu bagiye bagaragaza ubutunzi n’icyubahiro n’igihe batakiriho. Izi ni zimwe mu nkuru zidasanzwe zagarutsweho mu kiganiro The Weirdest Thing I Learned This Week, gitegurwa n’itsinda ry’ikinyamakuru Popular Science mubisakazwaho na rubavu today.