EBM version 2.1: Uko uyikoresha intambwe ku yindi kugeza utanze inyemezabuguzi.

Iyo umukiriya yinjiye mu iduka akagura ikicuruzwa, umucuruzi akanda he? Ni iki yandika? Sale iba ryari yemewe? Kandi iyo habaye ikosa cyangwa umukiriya agasubiza igicuruzwa, bikorwa bite?

Ibi ni bimwe mu bibazo bikunze kwibazwa n’abacuruzi bakoresha Electronic Billing Machine (EBM) mu Rwanda.

Kuri bamwe, EBM ishobora gusa n’ikoranabuhanga rigoye iyo umuntu ataramenya uko ikora. Ariko iyo uyigabanyijemo intambwe, usanga ari gahunda igufasha gukurikirana ibyo ugurisha, ibyo ugura, abakiriya, stock ndetse n’inyemezabuguzi.

Iyi nkuru irasobanura EBM 2.1 kuva ku ntangiriro kugeza ku mikoreshereze y’ibanze, ku buryo n’umuntu utarayikoresha ashobora kumva uko urugendo rwose ruteye.

EBM ni iki?

EBM ni impine ya Electronic Billing Machine, ni uburyo bw’ikoranabuhanga bukoreshwa mu gukora no gutanga inyemezabuguzi zemewe mu buryo bw’ikoranabuhanga.

Mu Rwanda, Rwanda Revenue Authority (RRA) isobanura ko umuntu ukora ibikorwa bisoreshwa agomba gukoresha uburyo bwemewe bwo gutanga inyemezabuguzi, kandi EBM ikanafasha umucuruzi kubika amakuru y’ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe, ibiciro ndetse na stock.

RRA ifite EBM Version 2.1 ikoreshwa kuri mudasobwa cyangwa tablet, ndetse ikagira n’izindi solutions zirimo EBM 2.1 ya Android, Online EBM na VSDC bitewe n’ubwoko bw’umusoreshwa n’imikorere y’ubucuruzi.

Kuki EBM ari ingenzi?

Ntabwo EBM ari imashini yo gucapa receipt gusa.

Ifasha umucuruzi:

Kwandika sales zakozwe; Gukurikirana ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe; Kumenya stock isigaye; Kubika amakuru y’ibicuruzwa; Gucunga amakuru y’abakiriya; Gukurikirana purchases; Kubona amakuru ya transactions zakozwe.

RRA ivuga ko EBM ishobora gufasha no mu micungire y’ibaruramari na stock, kuko ibika amakuru y’ibicuruzwa byagurishijwe, ibiciro ndetse n’ibisigaye.

Mbere yo gukoresha EBM 2.1, ni iki ugomba kuba ufite?

Hari amakuru agomba kuba ateguye muri system mbere y’uko utangira gukora sales.

Muri EBM 2.1 harimo ibice by’ingenzi nka:

Step1: Environment Step2: Item Management Step3: Customer Management Step4: Sales Management Step5: Purchase Management Step6: Stock Management Step7: Import Management.

Ni ukuvuga ko EBM idatangirira ku gucapa receipt gusa. Hari amakuru ayibanziriza.

INTAMBWE YA MBERE: KWINJIRA MURI EBM

Iyo EBM 2.1 yamaze gushyirwa kuri mudasobwa cyangwa tablet, utangira uyifungura.

Uko bikorwa

1. Fungura EBM 2.1.

2. Jya kuri Management Module.

3. Reba niba TIN igaragara neza.

4. Andikamo User ID.

5. Andikamo Password.

6. Kanda kuri Login.

Iyo User ID cyangwa password bitari byo, system ntikwemerera kwinjira.

Question:?

Ese umuntu wese ashobora gukoresha EBM?

Answer:. EBM ifite uburyo bwo gucunga users. Uwashinzwe system ashobora kongeramo user, guhindura amakuru ye cyangwa kuyakuramo. Hari kandi uburyo bwo guhindura password. RRA manual isaba ko password ihindurwa buri gihe ku mpamvu z’umutekano.

INTAMBWE YA KABIRI: KUGENZURA AMAKURU Y’UBUCURUZI

Nyuma yo kwinjira, hari igice cyitwa Environment.

Aha ushobora kubona ibijyanye na:

* User Management; * Change Password; * System Setting.

Muri System Setting, amakuru y’ikigo cyangwa ubucuruzi arimo izina ry’ikigo, branch, aderesi n’ibindi agomba kuba ari yo.

Impamvu ni uko amakuru y’ikigo n’aderesi yanditse muri system ashobora kugaragara kuri receipt.

Ikibazo:

Kuki ari ngombwa kugenzura ayo makuru mbere yo gutangira kugurisha?

Igisubizo: Kuko niba amakuru y’ubucuruzi atari yo, ashobora kugaragara nabi ku nyemezabuguzi. Ni yo mpamvu ari byiza kuyagenzura mbere yo gukora transactions.

INTAMBWE YA GATATU: KWINJIZA IBICURUZWA MURI EBM

Noneho tugeze ku kintu cy’ingenzi cyane: Item Management.

Aha ni ho winjiza ibicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi uzajya ugurisha.

Iyo ushaka kongeramo ikicuruzwa gishya

Jya kuri:

Item Management → Add New Item

Hanyuma wuzuze amakuru asabwa.

Muri yo harimo:

* Item Code * Item Name * Barcode, niba uyikoresha * Origin * Item Type * Packing Unit * Quantity Unit * Purchase Price * Sale Price * Tax Type * Beginning Stock * Safety Stock * Class Code

RRA manual isaba ko izina ry’ikicuruzwa risobanura neza icyo ari cyo, urugero nk’“Tanzania rice”, aho gukoresha izina ridasobanutse.

Ikibazo:

Ese barcode ni ngombwa kuri buri gicuruzwa?

Igisubizo: Oya. Manual ya EBM 2.1 igaragaza ko barcode ishobora gukoreshwa niba umucuruzi ayifuza; niba atayikoresha, ashobora gukomeza akoresheje Item Code n’amakuru y’ikicuruzwa.

Tax Type yo ni iki?

Aha ni ho ugomba kwitonda.

EBM 2.1 ifite ibyiciro by’imisoro bikurikizwa bitewe n’ubwoko bw’igicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi ndetse n’imiterere y’umusoreshwa. Manual igaragaza, urugero, VAT exempt, 18% VAT, export/zero rate, ndetse n’uburyo bw’abasoreshwa batanditse kuri VAT.

Ntugashyireho tax type uko wishakiye. Igomba guhura n’uko icyo gicuruzwa cyangwa serivisi bifatwa mu misoro.

INTAMBWE YA KANE: KWINJIZA UMUKIRIYA

Niba ushaka kwandikamo umukiriya, ukoresha Customer Management.

Hano hari ubwoko bubiri bw’ingenzi:

1. Corporate Customer

Ni umukiriya ufite TIN.

2. Individual Customer

Ni umukiriya udafite TIN.

Manual ya EBM 2.1 igaragaza ko ku mukiriya utari ufite TIN, telephone ishobora gukoreshwa nk’ikimenyetso cy’umukiriya hakurikijwe uburyo bwateganyijwe muri system.

Ikibazo:

Ese buri mukiriya agomba kubanza kwandikwa muri Customer Management?

Igisubizo: Ntabwo ari ngombwa ko buri mukiriya uba muri database mbere y’uko ukora sale, ariko iyo ushaka gukoresha amakuru y’umukiriya muri transaction, umubanza kwandikisha muri Customer Management.

INTAMBWE YA GATANU: GUKORA SALE

Aha ni ho ibintu byose bitangira kugaragara.

Jya kuri:

Sales Management

Hanyuma utangire gukora sale nshya.

Uko bikorwa

1. Kanda kuri New Sale/Register New Sales Information.

2. Hitamo umukiriya.

3. Jya kuri Item Code.

4. Shakisha ikicuruzwa ukoresheje Item Code cyangwa Item Name.

5. Hitamo ikicuruzwa.

6. Andikamo Unit Price.

7. Andikamo Sales Quantity.

8. Hitamo Tax Type.

9. Kanda Enter kugira ngo ikicuruzwa cyinjizwe muri sale.

10. Niba hari ibindi bicuruzwa, subiramo izo ntambwe.

11. Iyo urangije, kanda kuri button yo kubika/register sale.

None se sale iba irangiye ako kanya?

Oya.

Aha ni ho abantu bamwe bashobora kwibeshya.

Iyo umaze kwandikisha sale, status ishobora kuba:

WAIT FOR APPROVAL

Ibi bivuze ko sale yamaze kwandikwa ariko ibicuruzwa bitarekurwa muri stock.

Ni ukuvuga ko hari indi ntambwe igikenewe.

INTAMBWE YA GATANDATU: ITEM OUT

Iyo sale iri kuri Wait for Approval, uyihitamo muri Sales Management hanyuma ugakomeza kuri Item Out.

Aha ni ho ibicuruzwa bifatwa nk’ibisohotse muri stock.

Uko bikorwa

1. Hitamo sale iri kuri Wait for Approval.

2. Kanda kuri Item Out.

3. Kora inzira yo kwemeza transaction no kwishyura nk’uko system ibisaba.

4. Reba status.

Iyo Item Out irangiye neza, status iba:

APPROVED

RRA manual isobanura ko sale itaba Approved mbere y’uko item out ikorwa.

Ikibazo gikomeye: Kuki EBM yanze gukora Item Out?

Impamvu imwe y’ingenzi ni stock idahagije.

Urugero:

Ufite ibicuruzwa 5 muri stock, ariko ukaba ushaka gukora Item Out y’ibicuruzwa 8.

EBM ntishobora kwemeza Item Out irenze stock ihari.

Igisubizo

Ugomba kubanza kugira stock ihagije cyangwa ugakosora amakuru ya stock mu buryo bwemewe. RRA manual ibigaragaza neza: Item Out ntishobora kwemezwa iyo ingano igiye gusohoka irenze current stock.

INTAMBWE YA KARINDWI: NYUMA YO KWEMEZA SALE

Iyo Item Out irangiye, usubira muri Sales Management ukareba transaction.

Niba status ari Approved, sale yamaze kwemezwa muri system.

Aha ni ho umucuruzi akomeza n’inzira yo gutanga inyemezabuguzi/receipt hakurikijwe imikorere ya EBM ye.

None se iyo umucuruzi akoze ikosa?

Iki ni ikibazo cy’ingenzi cyane.

Ntugahite usiba transaction yose kubera ko wabonye ikosa.

EBM 2.1 itandukanya transaction ikiri muri Wait n’iyamaze gukorwa nka release, cancellation cyangwa refund.

Niba transaction ikiri muri Wait

Iyo wakoze ikosa, ushobora kuyihitamo ukayisiba hakurikijwe uburyo bwa system.

Niba yamaze kurekurwa cyangwa ikaba iri muri cancellation/refund

Ntishobora gufatwa nk’aho ari transaction isanzwe ushobora gusiba uko wishakiye.

Manual ya EBM 2.1 ivuga ko deletion yemezwa gusa kuri transaction ikiri muri Wait; transaction yamaze gukorerwa release, cancellation cyangwa refund ntisibwa muri ubwo buryo.

None se umukiriya asubije igicuruzwa?

Aha hakoreshwa Refund.

Uburyo bw’ibanze ni:

1. Hitamo sale bireba.

2. Koresha uburyo bwo gusaba cancellation iyo bikenewe.

3. Hitamo impamvu ya refund.

4. Kora refund.

5. Reba status.

Iyo refund irangiye, status ihinduka Refunded.

Ibi bitandukanye no gusiba sale itaremezwa.

INTAMBWE YA MUNANI: PURCHASE MANAGEMENT

EBM 2.1 ntabwo ireba ibyo ugurisha gusa.

Hari na Purchase Management, igufasha gukurikirana ibyo ubucuruzi bwaguze.

Iyo purchase imaze kwandikwa, ishobora gutangira ifite status ya:

WAIT FOR APPROVAL

Ibi bivuga ko purchase yamaze kwandikwa ariko ibicuruzwa bitaremerwa ko byinjiye muri stock.

Iyo ukoze Item In, status ishobora kuba:

APPROVED

RRA manual igaragaza ko purchase ishobora kuboneka muri system ndetse ikemezwa nyuma yo kwemeza ko ibicuruzwa byinjiye.

INTAMBWE YA CYENDA: KUREBA STOCK

Noneho ikibazo umucuruzi wese yifuza kumenya:

“Ni ibicuruzwa bingahe nsigaranye?”

Igisubizo kiri muri:

Stock Management

Aha ushobora kureba:

* Stock yatangiranye; * Ibicuruzwa byinjiye; * Ibicuruzwa byasohotse; * Stock isigaye; * Igiciro; * Umubare w’ibicuruzwa; * Movement ya stock.

EBM 2.1 ishobora gushakisha stock hakoreshejwe Item Code, Item Name cyangwa Barcode.

Ese stock ishobora gukosorwa?

Yego, ariko bigomba gukorwa mu buryo bukwiye.

EBM 2.1 ifite uburyo bwa Stock Adjustment.

Bushobora gukoreshwa mu gihe hari impamvu ituma stock igomba guhinduka, urugero nk’ikintu cyangiritse, cyatakaye cyangwa habaye ikibazo mu mibare.

Hari uburyo nka:

-Adjustment In -Adjustment Out -Discarding -Cargo Transit In/Out

Manual ya RRA isobanura uburyo ibyo bikorwa muri Stock Management.

Ikindi kibazo: EBM iramutse yanze gukora?

Ntugahite utangira guhindura system utazi ikibazo.

RRA itanga ubufasha ku bakoresha EBM.

Iyo EBM ifite ikibazo, RRA ivuga ko umusoreshwa ashobora guhamagara 3004 kugira ngo ahabwe ubufasha. Hari kandi remote support ikorwa hifashishijwe TeamViewer mu gihe bikenewe.

EBM iramutse iri kuri telefone cyangwa mudasobwa yangiritse bigenda bite?

Iki na cyo ni ikibazo umucuruzi agomba kumenya.

RRA igaragaza uburyo bwo gusaba backup y’amakuru ya EBM iyo device yangiritse, ndetse n’uburyo bukurikizwa iyo device yibwe. Iyo yibwe, RRA ivuga ko hagomba gutangwa imenyesha mu gihe cyagenwe hamwe n’inyandiko zisabwa.

Ni yo mpamvu umucuruzi adakwiye gufata EBM nk’aho ari application isanzwe ashobora gusiba no kongera gushyiraho uko yishakiye.

Ese EBM ikorera kuri buri mudasobwa?

Oya.

RRA ivuga ko EBM 2.1 software ikorera ku bikoresho nka desktop, laptop na tablet, kandi ibisabwa bya operating system bigomba kubahirizwa. RRA ivuga kandi ko EBM idahuza na Mac/iOS muri ubwo buryo bwavuzwe ku rubuga rwayo.

Hari kandi EBM 2.1 ya Android Smartphone ku byiciro by’abasoreshwa birebwa na yo, ndetse na Online EBM ku byiciro byemewe.

Urugero rworoshye: Umukiriya aguze ibicuruzwa

Reka dufate urugero rw’umucuruzi ufite iduka.

Umukiriya aje kugura ibicuruzwa.

Umucuruzi akora iki?

1. Afungura EBM 2.1.

2. Yinjira muri Management Module.

3. Ajya muri Sales Management.

4. Ahitamo umukiriya igihe bikenewe.

5. Ashaka ikicuruzwa muri Item Code/Item Name.

6. Yandika Unit Price.

7. Yandika Sales Quantity.

8. Ahitamo Tax Type iboneye.

9. Yongeramo ibindi bicuruzwa niba bihari.

10. Abika sale.

11. Sale ibanza kugaragara nka Wait for Approval.

12. Ahitamo iyo sale agakora Item Out.

13. Iyo stock ihagije kandi transaction ikozwe neza, status iba Approved.

14. Inyemezabuguzi itangwa hakurikijwe uburyo EBM yakoreshejwe.

Iyi ni yo nzira y’ibanze umucuruzi akurikiza kuva umukiriya atangiye kugura kugeza transaction yemerewe muri EBM.

Ikibazo cya nyuma: Ese EBM ni imashini yo gutanga receipt gusa?

Oya.

Iki ni cyo kintu gikomeye umucuruzi akwiye kumva.

EBM 2.1 ni uburyo bwo gucunga amakuru ajyanye n’ubucuruzi: sales, purchases, customers, items na stock.

Iyo uyikoresheje neza, ntigufasha gusa gutanga inyemezabuguzi; igufasha no kugira amakuru asobanutse ku byo wagurishije, ibyo waguze n’ibicuruzwa usigaranye. RRA na yo igaragaza ko ibi biri mu nyungu z’ingenzi za EBM.

Mu magambo make, urugendo rwa EBM 2.1 ni uru:

Kwinjira → Gutegura Items → Gutegura Customers → Gukora Sale → Wait for Approval → Item Out → Approved → Gutanga inyemezabuguzi → Gukurikirana Stock na Reports.

Kandi iyo habaye ikibazo:

Ikosa mbere ya approval → gukosora/siba hakurikijwe status;

Umukiriya asubije igicuruzwa → Refund;

Stock itari yo → Stock Adjustment hakurikijwe impamvu n’uburyo bwemewe.

Icyitonderwa ku mikoreshereze