Afurika ifite umwenda wa $1.9 tiriyoni: Kuki Kigali ibaye ihuriro ry’abashaka igisubizo?

Mu gihe umwenda wa Afurika ugeze kuri hafi miliyari 1.9 z’amadolari ya Amerika, ikibazo gikomeye ntikikiri gusa kumenya amafaranga ibihugu bifitiye ababitije, ahubwo ni ukumenya uko ayo mafaranga acungwa, icyo yakoze n’uko azishyurwa mu gihe kiri imbere. I Kigali, impuguke mu micungire y’imyenda, abafata ibyemezo n’abafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere bahuriye mu biganiro bigamije gushimangira umucyo, kubazwa inshingano no gufata inguzanyo mu buryo burambye.

Raporo ya Banki Nyafurika Itsura Amajyambere (AfDB) igaragaza ko umwenda rusange w’ibihugu bya Afurika wageze kuri hafi miliyari 1.9 z’amadolari mu 2024, uvuye kuri miliyari 1.6 z’amadolari mu 2020.

Iri zamuka ry’umwenda ryabaye mu gihe ibihugu byinshi byagiye bikenera amafaranga menshi yo gutera inkunga ibikorwa remezo, uburezi, ubuzima, ingufu n’izindi gahunda zigamije guteza imbere ubukungu, mu gihe na none ibiciro byo kubona inguzanyo ku masoko mpuzamahanga byazamutse.

Ariko ikibazo kiri imbere ya Afurika ntabwo ari umubare w’umwenda gusa.

Ni uko uwo mwenda ucungwa.

Kuki umucyo ku mwenda wabaye ingenzi?

Iyo igihugu gifashe inguzanyo, hari ibibazo byinshi bigomba kugira ibisubizo bisobanutse: amafaranga yafashwe angana iki? Yafashwe kuri bande? Azishyurwa ryari? Inyungu ni izingana iki? Yagiye mu wuhe mushinga kandi uwo mushinga uzatanga iki?

Ibyo ni byo bituma impuguke n’ibigo mpuzamahanga by’imari bikomeza gushimangira ko amakuru ku mwenda agomba kuba yuzuye, agezweho kandi aboneka ku buryo bworoshye.

Banki y’Isi ivuga ko gutangaza amakuru ku mwenda mu buryo bwuzuye bifasha abatanga n’abaka inguzanyo gufata ibyemezo bishingiye ku makuru ahagije, ndetse bigafasha abaturage n’abandi bafatanyabikorwa gukurikirana uko umutungo wa Leta ucungwa.

Kuba hari amakuru yuzuye ku mwenda kandi bishobora gufasha igihugu kumenya neza amafaranga kigomba kwishyura mu myaka iri imbere no gutegura ingengo y’imari hakiri kare.

Kigali ihurizwamo abashaka igisubizo

Ni muri uwo murongo ibiganiro by’imicungire y’umwenda byahurije i Kigali inzego n’impuguke zituruka mu bihugu bya Afurika ndetse n’abafatanyabikorwa mu iterambere.

Gahunda iri kubera i Kigali yibanda ku kongerera ibihugu ubushobozi bwo gucunga umwenda, gutanga amakuru awerekeye no kubazwa inshingano mu micungire y’imari ya Leta.

Ibi bije mu gihe ibihugu bya Afurika bikomeje gukenera amafaranga menshi yo gushyira mu bikorwa gahunda z’iterambere, ariko kubona inguzanyo ku buryo bworoshye bikaba bitakiri nk’uko byahoze.

Ikibazo rero ni ukugera ku buryo bwo kubona amafaranga akenewe, ariko igihugu kikabasha kuyakoresha neza kandi kikagira ubushobozi bwo kuyishyura.

Afurika ikeneye amafaranga menshi yo kwiteza imbere

Nubwo umwenda ukunze kuvugwa nk’ikibazo, inguzanyo ubwazo ntabwo ari mbi ku buryo bwikora.

Igihugu gishobora gufata umwenda kugira ngo cyubake umuhanda, urugomero rw’amashanyarazi, ibitaro, amashuri cyangwa urundi rwego rw’ibikorwa remezo rushobora kuzamura ubukungu.

Ikibazo gishobora kuvuka iyo umwenda utangiye kurenga ubushobozi bw’igihugu bwo kuwishyura cyangwa amafaranga yafashwe ntabyare umusaruro uhagije.

Ni yo mpamvu imicungire y’umwenda iri kuba imwe mu ngingo zikomeye mu biganiro ku bukungu bwa Afurika.

IMF ivuga ko imiterere y’umwenda w’ibihugu bikiri mu nzira y’amajyambere yarushijeho kuba ingorabahizi, kubera ko ibihugu bikoresha amasoko n’abatanga inguzanyo batandukanye, haba imbere mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yacyo.

Rwanda na rwo ruri muri iyi mibare

Nubwo ibiganiro biri i Kigali bireba Afurika muri rusange, u Rwanda na rwo rufite umwenda wa Leta ucungwa kandi ugakurikiranwa.

Imibare ya Minisiteri y’Imari n’Igenamigambi igaragaza ko kugeza mu Ukuboza 2025, umwenda wa Leta n’uwishingiwe na Leta wari ugereranyije na 73.6% by’umusaruro mbumbe w’igihugu (GDP), uvuye kuri 74.5% mu mpera za 2024.

Muri uwo mwenda, igice kinini cyari kigizwe n’umwenda wo hanze, mu gihe igice gisigaye ari umwenda w’imbere mu gihugu.

Iyi mibare isobanura impamvu imicungire y’umwenda ari ingingo ikomeye no ku Rwanda, cyane cyane mu gihe igihugu gikomeje gushaka amafaranga yo gushyigikira ibikorwa by’iterambere.

Ese Afurika ishobora gukomeza kuguriza?

Iki ni kimwe mu bibazo bikomeye biri ku meza y’abafata ibyemezo.

Afurika iracyakeneye ishoramari rinini mu bikorwa remezo, ingufu, ubuhinzi, uburezi, ubuzima n’ikoranabuhanga. Ibyo byose bisaba amafaranga menshi.

Ku rundi ruhande, uko ibihugu bifata inguzanyo nyinshi, ni nako amafaranga yo kwishyura umwenda n’inyungu ashobora gufata igice kinini cy’ingengo y’imari.

Ni yo mpamvu ibiganiro nk’ibiri kubera i Kigali byibanda ku gushaka uburyo ibihugu byafata inguzanyo ishingiye ku bushobozi bwo kuyishyura, kandi amakuru yose ajyanye n’uwo mwenda akamenyekana.

Ikibazo kiri imbere si umwenda gusa

Umwenda wa hafi $1.9 tiriyoni utuma Afurika ihura n’ikibazo gikomeye, ariko umubare wonyine ntusobanura uko buri gihugu gihagaze.

Icy’ingenzi ni kureba ingano y’umwenda ugereranyije n’ubukungu bw’igihugu, amafaranga igihugu cyinjiza, inyungu z’umwenda, igihe cyo kuwishyura ndetse n’umusaruro w’ibikorwa byatewe inkunga n’uwo mwenda.

Ni na yo mpamvu i Kigali hatari kuganirwa gusa ku buryo ibihugu byagabanya umwenda, ahubwo hanarebwa uburyo byawucunga neza, bikongera umucyo kandi bikarushaho kubazwa inshingano.

Mu gihe Afurika ikomeje gushaka amafaranga yo kwihutisha iterambere, ubutumwa bukomeje kugaruka ni bumwe: inguzanyo ishobora gufasha igihugu gutera imbere iyo icunzwe neza, ariko umwenda udafite amakuru ahagije, igenamigambi n’ubushobozi bwo kwishyura ushobora guhinduka umutwaro ku bukungu bw’igihugu.

Kuri ubu, amaso ari kuri Kigali, aho ibiganiro by’abahanga mu micungire y’imyenda biri gushaka uburyo Afurika yakomeza kubona amafaranga ikeneye kugira ngo itere imbere, ariko ikabikora mu buryo burambye kandi bushingiye ku mucyo.