Abantu hafi 200 bakurikiranwe nyuma y’urupfu rw’umukozi wa laboratwari mu Burusiya

Umugore wapfuye yakoraga muri laboratwari yigamo indwara ziterwa n’udukoko, aho bivugwa ko habaye impanuka yatumye ahura n’udukoko dutera plague. Nyuma y’urupfu rwe, abantu hafi 200 bashobora kuba barahuye na we bashyizwe mu igenzura kugira ngo harebwe niba hari ushobora kuba yaranduye. Hari kandi amakuru avuga ko ibitaro bimwe na bimwe byo muri ako karere byashyizwe mu ngamba zo gukumira ikwirakwira ry’indwara.

Plague si indwara y’amateka gusa Nubwo plague ikunze kwibukwa nk’indwara yateje ibyorezo bikomeye mu mateka, inzobere zivuga ko ikiriho no muri iki gihe. Indwara ya plague iterwa n’agakoko kitwa Yersinia pestis, kaboneka mu nyamaswa zimwe na zimwe ndetse kakaba gashobora no kwanduza abantu. Amakuru yatangajwe avuga ko abantu barenga 1,000 ku isi bandura plague buri mwaka, nubwo indwara itakigaragara ku rugero rw’ibyorezo bikomeye byabaye mu mateka.

Hari ubwoko butandukanye bwa plague Ubwoko buzwi cyane ni bubonic plague, ikunze guterwa no kurumwa n’udukoko twanduza nka fleas, ikagaragazwa no kubyimba utubyimba tw’imvubura z’umubiri. Hari kandi septicemic plague, aho agakoko kagira ingaruka ku maraso, ndetse na pneumonic plague, yibasira ibihaha. Pneumonic plague ni yo bivugwa ko yaba yarateje urupfu rw’uyu mukozi wa laboratwari mu Irkutsk. Ubu bwoko bushobora kwandurira mu mwuka iyo umuntu wanduye akorora cyangwa agira ibindi bikorwa bituma uduce duto twanduye dusohoka mu myanya y’ubuhumekero.

Kuki abantu hafi 200 bashyizwe mu igenzura? Nyuma y’urupfu rw’umukozi wa laboratwari, abayobozi bashatse gukurikirana abantu bashobora kuba barahuye na we. Igenzura nk’iri rigamije kumenya hakiri kare niba hari uwaba yaranduye, kugira ngo afashwe vuba kandi hanakumirwe ko ashobora kwanduza abandi. Inzobere zavuze ko, iyo hakoreshejwe uburyo bukwiye bwo gukurikirana abahuye n’umurwayi no gufata ingamba zo kurinda abantu, ikwirakwira ry’iyi ndwara rishobora gukumirwa.

Impanuka yo muri laboratwari iracyari amayobera Impamvu nyayo y’iyi mpanuka ntirasobanuka neza. Amakuru yatangajwe avuga ko bishoboka ko ikibazo cyatewe n’icupa ry’ibipimo ryamenetse, ariko ntiharamenyekana neza uko ibyo byaba byaratumye uwo mugore yandura. Inzobere zigaragaza ko laboratwari zikoreramo ubushakashatsi ku dukoko dutera indwara zikoresha amabwiriza akomeye y’umutekano, harimo kwambara ibikoresho birinda abakozi guhura n’udukoko dushobora guteza indwara. Bityo, hakenewe iperereza ryuzuye kugira ngo hamenyekane uko iyo mpanuka yabaye n’uko kwandura kwabayeho. Nta gihamya y’uko hari icyorezo gikomeye cyatangiye Nubwo amakuru y’urupfu rw’uyu mugore ndetse n’abantu hafi 200 bashyizwe mu igenzura ashobora gutera impungenge, inzobere zavuze ko nta mpamvu ihagije yo kuvuga ko hatangiye icyorezo gikomeye. Plague ishobora kuvurwa hakoreshejwe imiti ya antibiyotike, cyane cyane iyo ivuwe hakiri kare. Ibi bitandukanye n’uko byari bimeze mu bihe bya kera, igihe plague yagiye ihitana abantu benshi cyane kubera kutagira uburyo bugezweho bwo kuyirinda no kuyivura.

Ibihuha ku dukoko twaba twarahinduwe ntibyemejwe Nyuma y’urupfu rw’uyu mukozi, hatangiye no kuvugwa ko ashobora kuba yaranduye ubwoko bwa plague bwaba bwarahinduwe mu buryo bwihariye kugira ngo bukoreshwe mu ntambara y’ibinyabuzima. Ariko nta gihamya yatanzwe ishyigikira ayo makuru. Inzobere zavuze ko kuba pneumonic plague ishobora guteza urupfu iyo itavuwe vuba bidahita bivuze ko uwanduye yaba yaranduye ubwoko bwakozwe cyangwa bwahinduwe n’abantu. Agakoko ka Yersinia pestis kamaze igihe kizwi mu nyamaswa no mu bantu, kandi ni imwe mu mpamvu zituma gakomeza kwigwaho muri laboratwari mu rwego rwo kumenya uko indwara yandura, uko ivurwa ndetse n’uko yakumirwa. Amateka y’impanuka zo muri laboratwari Iyi nkuru yongeye kuzamura ikibazo cy’umutekano muri laboratwari zikorerwamo ubushakashatsi ku ndwara zanduza. Mu mateka, habaye impanuka zitandukanye zahuje laboratwari n’ikwirakwira ry’indwara. Urugero rwatanzwe ni icyorezo cy’indwara yibasira amatungo mu Bwongereza mu 2007, aho iperereza ryahuje ikwirakwira kwayo n’ibikorwa bya laboratwari. Mu 1979, abantu benshi bapfuye i Sverdlovsk, mu Burusiya, nyuma y’ikibazo cyajyanye no gusohoka kw’udukoko dutera anthrax mu kigo cya gisirikare. Icyo gihe Leta Zunze Ubumwe za Amerika zavuze ko bishobora kuba byaratewe n’impanuka.

Abahanga basaba iperereza ryimbitse Inzobere mu ndwara zanduza zavuze ko nubwo kwandura plague muri laboratwari ari ibintu bidakunze kubaho, bishoboka. Zania Stamataki wo muri University of Birmingham yavuze ko ibyabaye bikwiye gukorwaho iperereza ryuzuye kugira ngo hamenyekane uko byagenze. Simon Clarke wo muri University of Reading na we yashimangiye ko plague ishobora kugenzurwa binyuze mu gukurikirana abahuye n’abanduye no gushyira mu bikorwa ingamba zo gukumira ikwirakwira ryayo. Icyo ibi bivuze ku baturage Kugeza ku makuru yatangajwe, ikibazo cyibanze ni ugukurikirana abantu bashobora kuba barahuye n’umugore wapfuye no kumenya neza uko yanduye. Nubwo pneumonic plague ari uburyo bukomeye bw’iyi ndwara, inzobere zivuga ko hari uburyo bwo kuyirinda no kuyivura, kandi ko nta gihamya ihari y’uko ibyabaye muri Irkutsk byahise bihinduka icyorezo cyagutse. Iperereza ku mpanuka yo muri laboratwari ni ryo rizatanga ibisobanuro birambuye ku cyabaye n’uko uwo mukozi yaba yaranduye.